10/6 Do Now: 3.1 Open Notes Reading Quiz Aim: What are the key features of Africa’s geography and how have they affected its development? Objectives: Students will be able to… Describe Africa’s relative location Identify Africa’s main regions, landforms and natural resources Agenda: Africa Geography Review “Regions of the World: Africa” Video Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 3 Section 2

The Shape of the Land Ch. 3 Sec. 1

Overview of Africa’s Geography Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Overview of Africa’s Geography 2nd largest continent Diverse Center of early civilization

Chapter 3 Section 2 Review A Vast Continent Central location What bodies of water surround Africa? How have they affected its development? Regions: Which region do you think has had the most contact with Europe? Why? North & South of equator Between 2 oceans (Indian and Atlantic) & Mediterranean Sea Great Rift Valley: Eastern Africa Fertile farmland Minerals and metals Movement of people, goods and ideas North: most contact with Europe West, East, Central and Southern Africa

Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Landforms Mostly plateau with mountains at edges and Great Rift Valley in eastern-central region Escarpments: steep cliffs that divide plateaus from plains Cataracts: large waterfalls over escarpments

Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Rivers Nile: Northern/Eastern Africa Longest river in world Center of ancient civilization Aswan Dam provides hydroelectric power and irrigation Congo (Zaire): Central Africa Provides hydroelectric power Difficult to travel Niger: West Africa Used for irrigation and travel Zambezi: Southern Africa Victoria Falls Night view of Nile delta Nile Longest in the world (4,160 m) Regular flooding led to fertile river valley Ancient Egyptian civilization Modern technology has changed flood cycle Niger Zaire/Congo Zambezi

Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Natural Resources Oil, fertile soil, mineral resources unevenly spread over continent Rivers = source for metals What resources are in Africa’s riverbeds? What impact have these resources had on Africa’s development? What natural resources does Africa export today? Gold & diamonds found in riverbeds Led to European interest in Africa Exports Copper, platinum, cobalt, oil, gold, diamonds Source for industrialized countries

Identify the following geographic features: Atlas Mountains Great Rift Valley Sahara Desert Mt. Kilimanjaro Kalahari Desert Ethiopian Highlands Nile River Lake Victoria 3 6 4 7 2 5 1 8

10/16 Do Now: Africa Geography True/False Aim: What are the key features of Africa’s geography and how have they affected its development? Objectives: Students will be able to… Describe Africa’s relative location Locate Africa’s main countries, cities, landforms, bodies of water and climate zones Agenda: Africa Map Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 4 Section 2

10/12 Do Now: Map Practice Aim: How have various climates affected Africa’s development? Objectives: Students will be able to… Identify the three factors that affect climate Describe Africa’s climate zones Explain the impact of climate on population patterns Agenda: PPT Review African Geography T/F 3.1-3.2 Questions Homework: Finish 3.1-3.2 questions and study for Africa Geography Quiz on Wednesday

Identify the following countries: Algeria Democratic Republic of Congo Egypt Kenya Libya Madagascar Mali Morocco Nigeria Somalia South Africa Sudan Tanzania Uganda 10 8 7 1 6 2 5 13 9 11 3 4 12 14

Climate and Diversity Ch. 3 Sec. 2

Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Africa’s Climate Affected by location on Equator, oceans, and elevation Temperature: Warm year-round Coolest regions in highlands and mountains Rainfall: Varies based on distance from Equator

Major Climate Zones: Tropical Wet Region Narrow strip along Equator Hot, humid, lots of rain- creates rainforest Deals with leaching- constant rain makes poor soil for farming Many indigenous diseases Mosquitos: Malaria, Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever Tsetse flies: African Sleeping Sickness, Elephanitis Poor water: Typhoid Fever, cholera

Major Climate Zones: Tropical Wet and Dry Largest climate zone in Africa Alternating wet and dry seasons Vegetation includes savanna (grassland) Frequent periods of drought Suffers from desertification- cutting trees and grazing animals have reduced fertility of the soil, making savanna turn into desert

Major Climate Zones: Deserts Cover 40% of Africa Sahara: North Africa Largest desert in the world Rainfall less than 10 inches/year Trade occurs Kalahari: Southern Africa Grasses & melons grow in some places More habitable than Sahara Namib: Southern Africa Small desert with virtually no rainfall Sahara Kalahari Namib

Major Climate Zones: Mediterranean Located on Southern tip & Northern coast Mild: warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters Climate and fertile soil supports farming and herding

Population Patterns Population: Adapting to the Land: Language: Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Population Patterns Population: Not densely populated, but growing Population clusters around water Most live on savanna (common in tropical wet/dry climate zone) Adapting to the Land: Most are farmers Cities mostly along Med. Sea coast and in West Africa Language: 1,000+ language groups A sign of cultural diversity Provides info about early groups/tribes in Africa & their movements Nile R. delta, Lake Victoria, Med. Sea, Atlantic Ocean, etc. 18