The 18th Century Colonies

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Presentation transcript:

The 18th Century Colonies Topography Economy Society Climate Northern New England Middle Southern Chesapeake

Topography Appalachian Mts “Piedmont” Chesapeake Bay Outer Banks Sea Islands Hudson River Cape Cod

Colonial Regions New England Conn, Mass, RI, NH Middle Del, Pa, NY, NJ Chesapeake Va, Md Mason-Dixon Line divides N & S Southern Ga, SC, NC

Typical Plantations Mount Vernon, Virginia

Map of Westover Plantation, Virginia (18th c.)

Map of Shirley Plantation, Virginia (18th c.)

Plan of the slaveship Brookes

English Tobacco Label (18th c.)

New England Towns

New England Towns Towns were the basis of society & community The “common” Meeting House Schools 1647 – “Old Deluder Law” 1636 – Harvard College Encourages roads, taverns (at crossroads), small industries, etc.

Deerfield, Massachusetts – 1671 plot map

Deerfield, Massachusetts – 1728 drawing

Deerfield Meeting House – 1729 drawing

Typical interior of a meeting house.

A typical New England “Salt Box” house

Colonial Cities Commercial centers Challenges: Philadelphia, PA 34,000 2nd largest port in Empire Most modern city in the colonies. New York, NY Boston, MA Charles Town, S.C. Only major port in south Challenges: Fire, disease, waste disposal, poverty

e Philadelphia, 1750s

Philadelphia Row Houses

Boston - 1800

Fire fighting in New York (1762)

Intellectual / Cultural Developments Enlightenment 18th century intellectual movement Challenges traditional beliefs / superstitions Emphasizes learning, discovery Benjamin Franklin Starts as an apprentice printer, becomes one the most famous Americans in the colonies. Inventor, scientist, writer, politician Inventions: lightning rod, Franklin stove, bifocals, odometer Pennsylvania Gazette – purchased in 1730…free speech Poor Richard’s Alamanack (1732-58) – weather predictions, information, wit and wisdom.\ Autobiography

Intellectual / Cultural Developments Great Awakening Religious Revival Response to growing wealth & population… colonies getting away from their religious origins. Emphasizes a personal, emotional response to religion “Camp meetings” – fiery sermons, emotional displays of faith Circuit riders – preachers travel from town to town… Leaders: George Whitefield Jonathon Edwards: “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Splits churches between the “Old Lights” and “New Lights” New churches form: Baptist, Methodist New schools to educate ministers: Brown, Princeton, Rutgers, Dartmouth