Geography of Its History Chinese 2 nd century  Bagdad (8 th ?)  Spain & Sicily (10 th – 12 th century)  France & Germany (15 th century, printing revolution)  advanced paper making in 19 th century

Trees & Paper Both hardwood & softwood trees used to make paper, but in the United States come mostly from softwood forests-mostly pine-in the South and West. Tree-made paper accounts for over 90% of the world's paper production World consumption of paper has grown four hundred percent in the last 40 years

Tree & Paper Wood stacked 4 feet by 4 feet by 8 feet, or 128 cubic feet) produces nearly 90,000 sheets of paper (Boise Cascade) Tree farms where forests are planted, groomed and thinned for harvest in 20 to 35 year cycles Tree farms supply 16% of all wood used in the paper industry while the bulk of the rest comes from second growth forests episode-3-timber-super-tree-video.htm episode-3-timber-super-tree-video.htm

The Process

The top 20 forest and paper products companies Namehistoryheadquater International Paper1898Memphis, TN Georgia-Pacific1927Atlanta, GA Weyerhaeuser1900Federal Way, WA Kimberly-Clark1872Irving, Texas Procter & Gamble (Paper)1837Cincinnati, Ohio Smurfit-Stone1974Creve Coeur, Missouri Boise (OfficeMax)1957Boise, ID MeadWestvaco2002Richmond, Virginia Temple-Inland1893Austin, Texas. Sonoco1899Hartsville, South Carolina Bowater Newly AbitibiBowater Inc.1997 Greenville, South Carolina Louisiana-Pacific1973Nashville, Tennessee Packaging Corp. of America1959 Lake Forest, IL Universal Forest Products1955 Grand Rapids, Michigan Rock-Tenn1898 Norcross, Georgia Potlatch1903Spokane, WA Riverwood International2002Atlanta, GA Plum Creek Timber1989Seattle, Washington Rayonier1926Jacksonville, FL Caraustar1938Powder Spring, GA

3,054 Paper Mills in the U.S.

Paper Making & Environment Nearly 4 billion trees or 35% of the total trees cut around the world are used in paper industries on every continent annually Millions of pounds of highly toxic chemicals such as toluene, methanol, chlorine dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and formaldehyde are released into the air and water More than 45% of all paper used in the United States is recycled The rate of harvest for softwood trees in the southern United States outpaced growth for the first time since 1953 (US Forest Service) The U.S., which contains only 5% of the world's population, uses 30% of all paper.

Forest Sustainability About 33% of the U.S. land area, or 737 million acres, is forest land. Net annual growth exceeds harvests and losses to insects and disease by an average of 33% each year in commercial forests. America's forest products companies have donated over 1 million acres of land (valued at over $400 million) for conservation, recreation, or social causes. About 47 million acres (6% of all U.S. forest land) is reserved for parks and other wilderness areas - no commercial timber harvests are permitted. Since 1952, 4% or about 19 million acres of timberland has been reclassified as wilderness or parks and no more commercial harvests are allowed. The amount of new timber grown is more than the amount of timber harvested by at least 1/3 (54% in 1976, 38% in 1986, and 34% in 1992).

A ton of recycled paper saves 17 trees? 1 ton of uncoated virgin (non-recycled) printing and office paper uses 24 trees 1 ton of 100% virgin (non-recycled) newsprint uses 12 trees A "pallet" of copier paper (20-lb. sheet weight, or 20#) contains 40 cartons and weighs 1 ton. Therefore, 1 carton (10 reams) of 100% virgin copier paper uses.6 trees 1 tree makes reams of copy paper or 8,333.3 sheets 1 ream (500 sheets) uses 6% of a tree (and those add up quickly!) 1 ton of coated, higher-end virgin magazine paper (used for magazines like National Geographic and many others) uses a little more than 15 trees (15.36) 1 ton of coated, lower-end virgin magazine paper (used for newsmagazines and most catalogs) uses nearly 8 trees (7.68) 1 ton (40 cartons) of 30% postconsumer content copier paper saves 7.2 trees 1 ton of 50% postconsumer content copier paper saves 12 trees.

Alternatives episode-3-paper-pulp-video.htm Recycled waste Agri-pulp: wheat, oat, barley and other crop stalks left over after harvesting Hemp, Kenaf, sugar cane as wood substitutes, no need to use chlorine for the bleaching process

Origami Christmas Tree (Pine Tree)

Sources