A New City Culture Copy words in YELLOW

Problems in the Cities Political Machine: Illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a government.Political Machine: Illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a government. Traded favors for votes – gave jobs, cash, food to supportersTraded favors for votes – gave jobs, cash, food to supporters Tammany Hall – most famous political machine – stole lots of money from NYC (led by William Marcy Tweed)Tammany Hall – most famous political machine – stole lots of money from NYC (led by William Marcy Tweed) Some did good: built parks, sewers, schools, roads, and orphanagesSome did good: built parks, sewers, schools, roads, and orphanages Helped immigrants find jobs/homesHelped immigrants find jobs/homes

Responses to Slums Responses to Slums Urban Reformers Fought against poverty & slums Settlement Houses: help immigrants & poor improve lives Offered daycare, education, and health care to needy people in slums Hull House Founded by Jane Addams, urban reformer & suffrage leader Chicago, founded 1889 Became a model for other settlement houses.

The Popular Press EXTRA! EXTRA! READ ALL ABOUT IT!!!!EXTRA! EXTRA! READ ALL ABOUT IT!!!! By 1880s newspapers became entertainmentBy 1880s newspapers became entertainment Printed & sold by the thousandsPrinted & sold by the thousands Circulation: number of readersCirculation: number of readers Higher circulation = more advertisements = more money for papersHigher circulation = more advertisements = more money for papers

Newspaper Boys

Joseph Pulitzer Hungarian immigrant, fought in Civil War Created a newspaper for the poor of NYC Used simple language & human-interest stories (women’s section, sports, comics)

Department Stores Advertised in newspapers – very importantAdvertised in newspapers – very important Helped develop the downtownHelped develop the downtown Became a place for everyone, not just business people and rich peopleBecame a place for everyone, not just business people and rich people

Sports Become Popular Late 1800s, amateur (unpaid) & professional sports became popular – especially baseballLate 1800s, amateur (unpaid) & professional sports became popular – especially baseball First pro-baseball team = Cincinnati Red Stockings (1869)First pro-baseball team = Cincinnati Red Stockings (1869) 1876 – National League of Professional Baseball Clubs1876 – National League of Professional Baseball Clubs Most large cities had a teamMost large cities had a team

Sports cont. Baseball replaced horseracing as America’s most popular sportBaseball replaced horseracing as America’s most popular sport Immigrants were baseball’s biggest fansImmigrants were baseball’s biggest fans “More often than not,…a trip to the ball park tied people, city life, and baseball together.”

More Sports… Mid 1800s – bowling became popular sport in NYCMid 1800s – bowling became popular sport in NYC 9-pin & 10-pin bowling became illegal due to gambling problems9-pin & 10-pin bowling became illegal due to gambling problems German immigrants helped to popularize the sport in MidwestGerman immigrants helped to popularize the sport in Midwest American Bowling Congress (ABC) helped make bowling popular & respectable in early 1900sAmerican Bowling Congress (ABC) helped make bowling popular & respectable in early 1900s

Even more sports… 1870s – Americans turned English game of rugby into football1870s – Americans turned English game of rugby into football 1891 – basketball invented in Massachusetts to play indoors during winter1891 – basketball invented in Massachusetts to play indoors during winter Some women also played games like tennis and running racesSome women also played games like tennis and running races

Impact of Bicycles 1880s started a craze for men & women1880s started a craze for men & women Bikes were cheaper than feeding & keeping horsesBikes were cheaper than feeding & keeping horses Fun & easy way to get aroundFun & easy way to get around

Vaudeville Theater Vaudeville – a variety show that included songs, skits, dances, comic routines, juggling, and gymnasticsVaudeville – a variety show that included songs, skits, dances, comic routines, juggling, and gymnastics Used both song and comedy to explore human problemsUsed both song and comedy to explore human problems Anyone could attend the Vaudeville – rich/poor, any religion, any ethnicityAnyone could attend the Vaudeville – rich/poor, any religion, any ethnicity

Early Movies First movies – shown during vaudevilles with a projector (a few moments of “moving pictures”)First movies – shown during vaudevilles with a projector (a few moments of “moving pictures”) Nickelodeons – 1900s people started paying 5 cents to see these short, silent filmsNickelodeons – 1900s people started paying 5 cents to see these short, silent films Soon movies were several reels of film & more complex storiesSoon movies were several reels of film & more complex stories

Early Movie Stars…