Organizations and Organization Theory Chapter One Organizations and Organization Theory

1.Basic Concept Organizational Operations People Process Activities 管理系統 (Managerial System) 組織行為 (Organizational Behavior) 管理行為 (Managerial Behavior) 領導行為 (Leadership Behavior)

Leadership and organization 計劃 組織 用人 協調 控制 研究發展 行銷 生產 財務 人事 領導 Leadership Relationship between Leadership and organization Staffing Coordination Organization Control Planning Marketing R&D Production Finance Human Resource

Corporate Strategy Business Strategy Functional Strategy .Focus on Survive and growth .Focus on competitive advantage .Focus on functional efficiency Corporate Strategy Business Strategy Functional Strategy . Top-Down Directing . Bottom-Up Information . Involvement and Interaction

Organizations and Organization Theory Topics Organization Theory in Action What is an Organization? Perspectives on Organizations Dimensions of Organization Design The evolution of Organization Theory and Design

Organization Theory in Action Current Challenges Globalization Ethics and and Social Responsibility Speed of Responsiveness The Digital Workplace Diversity

Organization Theory in Action Globalization ‧通用汽車GM ‧North Networks ‧銳跑 Reebok ‧美國運通 American Express ‧三星 Samsung Current Challenge

Organization Theory in Action Ethics and Social Responsibility ‧安隆(Enron) ‧世界通訊(WorldCom) ‧Adelphia Co. ‧ImClone Co. Globalization Current Challenges

Organization Theory in Action Globalization Ethics and Social Responsibility Current Challenge Speed of Responsiveness ‧皇家荷蘭殼牌(Royal Dutch Shell)

Organization Theory in Action Globalization Ethics and Social Responsibility Current Challenges The Digital Workplace ‧戴爾電腦(Dell Computer Co.) Speed of Responsiveness

Organization Theory in Action Globalization Diversity ‧麥肯錫顧問公司(McKinsey Co.) Ethics and Social Responsibility Current Challenges The Digital Workplace Speed of Responsiveness

What is an Organization? Social Entities goal-directed Deliberately structure & coordinated activity systems Linked to the external environment

Importance of Organizations 1/7 1. Bring together resources to achieve desired goals & outcomes Builds nuclear-powered, Nimitz-class aircraft carriers

Importance of Organizations 2/7 2. Produce goods and services efficiently. Electronic way to run company or base on computer produce skill.

Importance of Organizations 3/7 3. Facilitate innovation To lead creation of new idea’s innovation but not to follow the rule.

Importance of Organizations 4/7 4. Use modern manufacturing and information technologies Ex: Coca-Cola、Heineken、IBM ..etc.

Importance of Organizations 5/7 5. Adapt to and influence a changing environment

Importance of Organizations 6/7 6. Create value for owners, customers and employees Gallo company use low profit as its core strategy to create costumer value, and open system need to work with environment.

Importance of Organizations 7/7 7. Accommodate ongoing challenge of diversity ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees

Perspectives on Organizations Open Systems Organizational Configuration Technical Core Technical Support Administrative Support Top Management Middle Management

An Open System and Its Subsystems Environment Transformation Process Raw Materials People Information resources Financial Products and Services Input Output Boundary Spanning Production, Maintenance, Adaptation, Management Boundary Spanning Subsystems

開放系統(open system)則必須與環境交互作用 能存活，一方面消耗環境的資源，一方面輸出 資源到環境中，並得持續地改變以適應環境。 開放系統及其次系統 開放系統(open system)則必須與環境交互作用 能存活，一方面消耗環境的資源，一方面輸出 資源到環境中，並得持續地改變以適應環境。

Five Basic Parts of an Organization Mintzberg suggested that every organization should contain five basic parts Transfer from input to output e.g teachers、courses Top Management Technical Support Staff Middle Management Administrative Support Staff Technical Core Exhibit 1.3 Five Basic Parts of an Organization

Five Basic Parts of an Organization Supporting organization to adopt environment. Ex.: engineer、researchers、etc. Top Management Technical Support Staff Middle Management Administrative Support Staff Technical Core

Five Basic Parts of an Organization To support organization’s function stably and organization's maintain. Top Management Technical Support Staff Middle Management Administrative Support Staff Technical Core

Five Basic Parts of an Organization To lead and negotiate other department in the organization. Top Management Technical Support Staff Middle Management Administrative Support Staff Technical Core

Goals and Strategy Environment Size Culture The Organization Technology Structure Formalization Specialization Hierarchy of Authority Centralization Professionalism Personnel Ratios

Characteristics of Three Organizations TECHNOLOGY Manufacturing Retailing Government Service SIZE (#employees) 6,000 250,000 35

The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design Historical Perspectives Contemporary Organization Design Effective Performance versus the Learning Organization

Two Organization Design Approaches Vertical Structure Routine Tasks Rigid Culture Competitive Strategy Formal Systems Horizontal Adaptive Empowered Roles Collaborative Shared Information Organizational Change in the Service of Performance Mechanical System Design Natural System Design Stable Environment Efficient Performance Turbulent Environment Learning Organization Source: Adapted from David K. Hurst, Crisis and Renewal: Meeting the Challenge of Organizational Change (Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School)

Efficient performance and learning organization Vertical Structure Routine Tasks Formal System Competitive Strategy Rigid culture Horizontal Structure Empowered Roles Shared Information Collaborative Strategy Adaptive culture