1920s – Roaring Twenties

Prohibition Passed with the 18 th Amendment, but backup with punishment with the Volstead Act What were the reasons behind this “Noble Experiment?” Did these reasons work? What are some reasons the politically involving immigrants? What was the major negative effect?

Some 20s slang to know Wets Drys Bootleggers Rum-runners Speakeasies Bathtub Gin Hooch

Women in the “New Era” Women could now vote with the 19 th Amendment Sheppard –Towner Act (1921) aim at women voters (prenatal/child healthcare) National Woman’s Party led by Alice Paul pushed for the E.R.A. – Equal Rights Amendment (early feminist movement)

Flappers “Liberated Women,” but how? ◦ Prohibition effects Margaret Sanger and __________ ◦ Aimee McPherson – female preacher ◦ Amelia Earhart

Pink Collar jobs New jobs in “feminine” fields  Fashion, education, nursing, social work Most educated married women still stayed at home What were Boston Marriages?

Any changes in one generation?

The Automobile Impact From Model T to Model A Impact on other industries such as steel, glass, oil Suburbs expanding Changing of the landscape with roads, gas stations

Airplanes How did airplanes link our old pioneer spirit with a modern invention? Charles Lindberg – Spirit of St. Louis ◦ “Rugged Individualism” Amelia Earhart

Entertainment Radios – by end of decade almost every family had one Movies – from silent films to talkies  “The Jazz Singer” starring Al Jolson – 1 st talkie Music / Dancing ◦ Jazz music  Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong ◦ Jitterbug / Charleston dances “Youth Culture” develops

Sports Baseball ◦ Babe Ruth Boxing ◦ Jack Dempsey Horse Racing Swimming ◦ Gertrude Ederle Golf ◦ Bobby Jones

Harlem Renaissance Rebirth of Black Culture through writing, arts, and music ◦ Langston Hughes ◦ James Weldon Johnson ◦ Zora Neal Hurston

Black Scare Marcus Garvey and his United Negro Improvement Association organized ideas of black nationalism and a back-to-Africa movement ◦ So what is the “black scare?” Dubois and Randolph disagreed with movement, but endorse black pride ideas. Would be a base for other groups in the 1960s. The Klan opposed such ideas.

Lost Generation The Lost Generation writers wrote against the materialism and conformity of the 1920s. ◦ F. Scott Fitzgerald – Great Gatsby ◦ Sinclair Lewis – Main Street, Babbit ◦ Was Hemingway one with Farewell to Arms since it was against military conflicts?

Other Writers and Arts The Fugitives – southern writers who wrote of strong rural traditions (against modernism) Bruce Barton – The Man Nobody Knows – Jesus was a businessman. Parables are ads, has 12 salesmen Frank Lloyd Wright – architect stressing functionalism Georgia O’Keeffe – critical of new technology and urban life as paintings were natural

The Scopes Monkey Trial John Scopes charged with breaking the law against teaching evolution in Tenn. Defended by Clarence Darrow (of ACLU). State lead attorney – William Jennings Bryan Fined $100 at end, but… Trial was representative of battle of Urban vs. Rural (1920 – 1 st census where urban outnumbered rural). Was representative of Fundamentalism vs. Modernism

Revivalism As the battle of Modernism vs. Fundamentalism took place, there some religious happenings. Billy Sunday Aimee McPherson

Links 1E – 20s slang 1E s interesting – jitterbug &feature=related – Charleston &feature=related MQ&feature=relmfu - 20s and 50s comparison review MQ&feature=relmfu

Reflection Questions In what ways were there conflicts between the modern world and older traditions? How did women change during the 1920s? How is consumerism and materialism shown during the 1920s? How are popular heroes (in entertainment) shown in different aspects of the 1920s? What was the impact of the automobile and airplane?