Comparative quantitative evaluation of the XIAP, survivin & Ki67 transcript levels in urine & tissue samples of bladder cancer patients
Introduction Bladder cancer (BCa)- 5th commonest cancer in European men & 6th leading cause of death Cystoscopy & urine cytology - current gold standards for diagnosis & surveillance of BCa Ideal tumour marker for non-invasive diagnosis & surveillance does not yet exist
Introduction Survivin inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) that is selectively over- expressed in most human malignancies Objectives – determine suitability of survivin as diagnostic, surveillance (and prognostic) marker of BCa –compare the utility of survivin to other potential tumour markers e.g. Ki67 and XIAP
Materials & Methods Prospective study Single, tertiary level referral centre January - June 2006 Inclusion criteria –patients undergoing transurethral resection (TUR) for newly diagnosed BCa, recurrent BCa & cystoscopically suspicious bladder lesions
Materials & Methods Exclusion criteria –Patients with PCa, IDC, UTI Controls –BPH patients –Cystitis patients –Healthy volunteers
Materials & Methods BCa patients –Pre-operative urine sample –Intra-operative tumour tissue & “normal appearing” bladder mucosa –Post-operative urine sample (1 POD) –Above repeated for every session of TUR Controls –1 urine sample from each
Materials & Methods Quantitative evaluation of urinary & tissue levels of survivin, XIAP & Ki67 Normalized ratios of survivin, XIAP & Ki67 correlated with clinicopathological data
Results Reference genes used – HPRT & TBP Negative correlation between reference gene expression & urinary contamination by RBCs & WBCs
BCa patients 65 recruited 6 pts with both BCa & Pca, excluded from analysis > 59 pts analysed Age (median)= 69yrs (34 – 89) M:F= 39: 20 (66.1% : 33.9%) Newly dx: BCa recurr= 54: 5 (91.5% : 8.5%) PSA (median; 36 pts)= 0.90 (0.16 – 12.54)
BCa patients diagnosis (59) No tumour (11) 18.6% Superficial (38) = Ta+T1 64.5% Invasive (10) = T2 16.9% diagnosis (59) No tumour (11) 18.6% Low (14) = G1 23.8% High (34) = G2+G3 57.6%
BCa patients cis –Pos: neg= 5: 54 (8.5% : 91.5%) –All with cis harbour high grade (G2/ G3) disease as well Cytology –Sensitivity= 65.2%; Specificity= 80.0% –PPV= 83.3%; NPV= 60.0% benignatypialowhighNA 9 (15.3%)2 (3.3%)9 (15.3%)18 (30.5%)21 (35.6%)
BCa patients 59 primary TURBT 42 second op (33 sec TUR, 9 cystec) 8 third op (6 tertiary TUR, 2 cystec)
Controls BPHCystitisHealthy yrs (52-85)64 yrs (19-85)31 yrs (18-59) PSA median 2.9 (0.3 – 33.9) M : F 3 (23.1%) :10 (76.9%) M : F 7 (25.9 %) :20 (74.1 %)
Tumor markers between BCa patients & controls Clinical diagnosis Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP Bca (48) (positive histo) No tumor (11) (negative histo) BPH (53) Cystitis (13) Healthy (27) Median values presented
Ki67
XIAP
Survivin
Tumor markers vs BCa stage BT pri TUR (59) Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP No tumor (11) Superficial (38) Invasive (10) Median values presented
Ki67
XIAP
Survivin
Tumor markers vs BCa grade BT pri TUR (59) Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP No tumor (11) Low grade (14) High grade (34) Median values presented
Ki67
XIAP
Survivin
Tumor markers between first & second TURBT BT paired urine samples (33) Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP Op Op Median values presented
Ki67
XIAP
Survivin
Tumor markers for unpaired tissue samples tissue samples Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP Tumor tissue (26) Tumor free (27) Median values presented
Ki67
XIAP
Survivin
Tumor markers for paired tissue samples Paired tissue samples (13) Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP Tumor tissue 1,735,996,4213,610,531,11 Tumor free 1,522,018,2214,260,350,41 Median values presented
Ki67
XIAP
Survivin
Ratio Tu / Tf Paired tissue samples (13) Ki67/ HPRT Ki67/ TBP XIAP/ HPRT XIAP/ TBP SVV/ HPRT SVV/ TBP Median >18 (61.5%) 10 (76.9%) 3 (23.1%) 6 (46.2%) 8 (61.5%) <15 (38.5%) 3 (23.1%) 10 (76.6%) 7 (53.8%) 5 (38.5%)