Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design

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Presentation transcript:

Microelectronics Circuit Analysis and Design Donald A. Neamen Chapter 5 The Bipolar Junction Transistor

In this chapter, we will: Discuss the physical structure and operation of the bipolar junction transistor. Understand the dc analysis and design techniques of bipolar transistor circuits. Examine three basic applications of bipolar transistor circuits. Investigate various dc biasing schemes of bipolar transistor circuits, including integrated circuit biasing. Consider the dc biasing of multistage or multi-transistor circuits.

Cross Section of Integrated Circuit npn Transistor

Modes of Operation Forward-Active B-E junction is forward biased B-C junction is reverse biased Saturation B-E and B-C junctions are forward biased Cut-Off B-E and B-C junctions are reverse biased Inverse-Active (or Reverse-Active) B-E junction is reverse biased B-C junction is forward biased

npn BJT in Forward-Active

Electrons and Holes in npn BJT

Electrons and Holes in pnp BJT

Circuit Symbols and Current Conventions

Current Relationships

Common-Emitter Configurations

Common-Base Configuration

Current-Voltage Characteristics of a Common-Base Circuit

Current-Voltage Characteristics of a Common-Emitter Circuit

Early Voltage/Finite Output Resistance

Effects of Leakage Currents on I-V Characteristics

Effect of Collector-Base Breakdown on Common Base I-V Characteristics

Effect of Collector-Base Breakdown on Common Emitter I-V Characteristics

DC Equivalent Circuit for npn Common Emitter

DC Equivalent Circuit for pnp Common Emitter

Load Line

Problem-Solving Technique: Bipolar DC Analysis Assume that the transistor is biased in forward active mode VBE = VBE(on), IB > 0, & IC = bIB Analyze ‘linear’ circuit. Evaluate the resulting state of transistor. If VCE > VCE(sat), assumption is correct If IB < 0, transistor likely in cutoff If VCE < 0, transistor likely in saturation If initial assumption is incorrect, make new assumption and return to Step 2.

Voltage Transfer Characteristic for npn Circuit

Voltage Transfer Characteristic for pnp Circuit

Digital Logic Inverter NOR gate

Bipolar Inverter as Amplifier

Effect of Improper Biasing on Amplified Signal Waveform

Single Base Resistor Biasing

Common Emitter with Voltage Divider Biasing and Emitter Resistor

Integrated Circuit Biasing

Multistage Cascade Transistor Circuit

Multistage Cascode Transistor Circuit