© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 1 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I 11 Power Electronics

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 2 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.1 Classification of power electronic devices

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 3 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.2 AC-DC converter circuit and waveform

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 4 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.3 AC-AC converter circuit and waveform

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 5 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.4 DC-DC converter circuit and waveform

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 6 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.5 DC-AC converter circuit and waveform

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 7 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11-6 Zener diode characteristic and voltage regulator circuit

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 8 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure 11.7

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 9 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Limitations of a BJT amplifier Saturation (1) Cutoff (3) (2) i C I Cmax P v CE V max V CEsat i B 1 i B2 i B3 i B4

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 10 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure BJT switching waveforms

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 11 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure MOSFET switching waveforms

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 12 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure IGBT simplified equivalent circuit G C E R MOD R BE

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 13 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Rectifier connected to an inductive load

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 14 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Operation of free-wheeling diode

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 15 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Three-phase diode bridge rectifier

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 16 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Waveforms and conduction times of three-phase bridge rectifier

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 17 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Thyristor structure and circuit symbol A (anode) K (cathode) G (gate) A v AK + – i A K G P N P N

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 18 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Thyristor i-v characteristic Holding current Latching currentGate triggered Reverse breakdown voltage Reverse leakage current Forward leakage current v AK i A i H i L Holding current

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 19 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Thyristor two-transistor model

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 20 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Controlled rectifier circuit + _ ~ Load v AC (t) v trigger + – i L (t) v L (t)

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 21 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Half-wave controlled rectifier waveforms v trigger V m v s –V m v o t t t 2 V m 2 0 0

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 22 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure The four quadrants of an electric drive i III IIIIV v Reverse braking (generation) Motoring (forward) Motoring (reverse) Forward braking (generation)

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 23 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure DC motor T m m V a I a – +

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 24 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Step-down chopper (buck converter)

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 25 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Step-down chopper waveforms i o v o V S i o v o 0Tt 1 0

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 26 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Step-up chopper (boost converter)

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 27 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Step-up chopper output voltage wave-form (ideal) <v o > V S v o (t) t

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 28 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Step-up chopper used for regenerative braking

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 29 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Two-quadrant chopper

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 30 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Half-bridge voltage source inverter

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 31 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Half-bridge voltage source inverter wave-forms S 1 T/2 D 1 D 2 V S 2 v o T 0 S 2 T T 0 –V S 2 i o S 2 S 1 0 T T

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 32 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Full-bridge voltage source inverter

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 33 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Half-bridge voltage inverter output voltage waveform V S v o –V S 0 T/2T

© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc McGraw-Hill 34 PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THIRD EDITION G I O R G I O R I Z Z O N I Figure Three-phase voltage source inverter