Chapter 4 Electricity

1 2 Chapter 4 Tour: Electricity Pages 91-98 Principles of Electricity Pages 91-98 Define 10 major terms used in electricity Describe the safety measures to be followed when using electrical appliances 1 Electricity in Cosmetology Pages 99-108 Explain the 3 kinds of effects created by electric current during cosmetology services List 3 kinds of effects created by electric current during electrotherapy and light therapy treatments 2

1 Principles of Electricity Vocabulary of Electricity Electric Current 1 Safety Measures Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Where were you when the lights went out? Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Vocabulary of Electricity Click on a card to view the definition of a key term. Click on a definition to reveal the key term. Electric Current Movement of electricity along a path called a conductor Electricity Form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes Load Technical name for any electrically powered appliance Conductor Material that allows electricity to flow through it easily

Vocabulary of Electricity Click on a card to view the definition of a key term. Click on a definition to reveal the key term. Amp Unit of electric strength Insulator Material that does not allow flow of electric current Volt Unit of electric pressure Ohm Unit of electric resistance

Vocabulary of Electricity Click on a card to view the definition of a key term. Click on a definition to reveal the key term. Electrotherapy Application of electrical currents during skin treatments Watt Measure of how much electrical energy is being used

Vocabulary of Electricity Conductor Insulator silver wood Material that best transports electricity Material that does not allow a current to pass through it plastic copper graphite rubber carbon alcohol water-containing ions pure distilled water In a salon, most currents are carried by cords which are copper wire (conductors) insulated by varying amounts of rubber. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Vocabulary of Electricity Cords on appliances should be kept straight and free of knots, kinks and tangles to prevent breaks. Warning! A break in any electrical cord can put you or your client in contact with an active current, causing electrical shock. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Vocabulary of Electricity AMP VOLT OHM WATT HERTZ Strength Power box to house supplies amps Conductors carry limited number of amps Amp rating is the number of electrons flowing on a line Pressure Measures how hard electrons are pushed by the source 110/220 volts 220 volt has “V” prongs on plug Large motors need 220 volts Resistance Impedance Measures how difficult it is to push electrons through a conductor OHM’s rating = resistance to the motion of electrons in a conductor Amount Used 1 watt = small amount of energy Blow dryer = 1000 watts per second 1000 watts = one kilowatt Frequency Hertz = Hz Number of cycles, per second, a generator alternates the current from the source 1 hertz = one cycle/second Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Vocabulary of Electricity Beyond the Book The flow of electricity in a human produces violent muscle contractions that prevent the person from “letting go”. Receiving a shock may cause the heart to lose its coordination or rhythm. http://www.jlab.org

Alternating Current (AC) Electric Current Two Forms: Direct Current (DC) Electrons move at an even rate in only one direction Alternating Current (AC) Electrons flow first in one direction and then the other DC AC Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Special Instruments: Converter Rectifier Changes direct current to alternating current Rectifier Changes alternating current to direct current DC AC AC DC Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Sources of Electric Current Generator Battery Produces alternating current Power source most often used in salons Uses mechanical energy to produce flow of electrons Has a positive (+) and a negative (-) terminal Produces direct current only Electrons flow toward positive terminal in a circuit AC DC Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Two conditions necessary for an electric current: How Electric Current is Produced Two conditions necessary for an electric current: Source Generator producing alternating current Battery producing direct current Circuit Closed path through which electrons travel Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current How Electric Current is Produced – Electron Flow Closed Open Electrons leave the source and operate an appliance Switch is on Broken path of electron flow Switch is off Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Parallel Wiring Series Wiring How Electric Current is Produced Parallel Wiring Powers several loads at once or at different times Install only parallel wiring in a salon Series Wiring Runs all loads at the same time Circuit travels from one load to the next Example would be Christmas lights Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Overload and Short Circuit Overload Too many appliances on one circuit being operated at the same time More current flows than the line is designed to carry Takes 1 amp on the circuit to operate every 100 watts of an appliance 1,000 watt blow dryer needs a 10-amp circuit Risk of fire occurs when an extension cord with multiple plugs attaches 4 or 5 appliances to one wall socket Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Overload and Short Circuit Short Circuit A “foreign conductor” comes in contact with wire carrying current to a load Commonly occurs in thermal styling tools due to twisting and bending of cords Example: dropping a blow dryer in water Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Electric Current Beyond the Book Thomas Edison invented the first commercially practical incandescent electric lamp. The lamp itself was perfected on October 21, 1879 which put into circuit the first bulb embodying the principles known as the "Edison modern incandescent lamp." This bulb maintained its incandescence for over 40 hours. http://www.thomasedison.com/Inventions.htm

Safety Measures Fuse Device containing a fine metal wire that allows current to flow through it Connected directly to the circuits in the power box Wire melts to break current if overload occurs CANNOT be reused Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Safety Measures Circuit Breaker Reusable device that breaks the flow of current when an overload occurs Connects directly to the circuits in the power box Contains two pieces of metal that make contact with each other Separates the pieces to break the circuit if the flow of current is too high Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Designed to protect you when operating certain kinds of appliances Safety Measures Grounding Wire Designed to protect you when operating certain kinds of appliances 3-wire system Special wire prevents excess flow of current from going to user Any appliance requiring this protection has a three-prong plug Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Safety Measures Shock If a person comes in contact with electric current: Knock person out of circuit by using an insulator (broom, plastic brush or plastic garbage pail) 1 Unplug appliance using insulator to avoid circuit 2 Rush to power box and turn off all circuit breakers 3 Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Passes through a small part of the body Safety Measures Local Shock Immerse burn in cold water immediately; wait until the burn is completely “cold” and swelling has stopped Blot dry and apply an antiseptic cream Take person to the hospital if burn is severe Procedure Passes through a small part of the body Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Passes through the entire body Safety Measures General Shock Procedures Passes through the entire body Break the circuit before touching person Dial 911 Start CPR; continue until emergency team arrives Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Emergency Procedures for Electrical Fires Safety Measures Emergency Procedures for Electrical Fires Remember: DO NOT PUT WATER ON IT Turn off the circuit Smother the fire with rug, towel, powder, or a fire extinguisher Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Mary Louise Amp James Watt Myron Volt Bob Transformer Safety Measures Beyond the Book Some common electrical terms were named after people. Mary Louise Amp James Watt Myron Volt Bob Transformer

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check On a sheet of paper numbered 1-8, answer the following questions. Materials that best transport electricity are called conductors. Materials that DO NOT allow a current to pass through them are called prisms. True or False Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check The unit of electric strength is called an amp. The unit of electric pressure is called an ohm. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Principles of Electricity Self-Check The two forms of electrical current are: AC and DC AD and BC AB and CD hot and cold The name for the measure of how much electrical energy is being used is called ___________. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Principles of Electricity Self-Check What type of shock passes through the nervous system? local direct indirect general A shock that passes through a small part of the body is called a _________________. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Know Chart As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. KNOW CHART I Know: I Need to Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check True Now check your work. Materials that best transport electricity are called conductors. True or False Observe each of the False statements become True. True Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check False Materials that DO NOT allow a current to pass through are called prisms. Insulators are materials that DO NOT allow currents to pass through them. False Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check True The unit of electric strength is called an amp. True Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check False The unit of electric pressure is called an ohm. A volt is a unit of electric pressure. An ohm is a unit of electric resistance. False Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Principles of Electricity Self-Check The two forms of electrical current are: AC and DC AD and BC AB and CD hot and cold The name for the measure of how much electrical energy is being used is called ___________. watt Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Principles of Electricity Self-Check What type of shock passes through the nervous system? local direct indirect general A shock that passes through a small part of the body is called a _________________. local shock Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

    Lessons Learned Vocabulary of Electricity FACE THE FACTS Vocabulary of Electricity Electricity is a form of energy that produces light, heat, magnetic and chemical changes Electric current is the movement of electricity along a path called a conductor Load is the technical name of any electrically powered appliance Conductor is a material that allows electricity to flow through it easily     Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

     Lessons Learned Vocabulary of Electricity FACE THE FACTS Vocabulary of Electricity Insulator is material that does not allow the flow of electric current Amp is a unit of electric strength Volt is a unit of electric pressure Ohm is a unit of electric resistance Watt is a measure of how much electrical energy is being used      Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

  Lessons Learned Safety Measures FACE THE FACTS Safety Measures Safety devices are installed in many appliances and buildings because of the possibility of overloads and short circuits Electrotherapy Electrotherapy is the application of electrical currents during treatments to skin   Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

IT’S 2 U! Make a diagram showing the flow of electrons from a source to an electric appliance commonly used in the salon. Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Example IT’S 2 U! Chapter 4.1 Electricity Principles of Electricity

Effects of Electric Current Electricity In Cosmetology Electrotherapy Electricity In Cosmetology 2 Light Therapy Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

How is electricity used in the picture below? Effects of Electric Current How is electricity used in the picture below? Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Effects of Electric Current Click on the card to view the definition of the key term. Click on the definition to reveal the key term. Faradic Current Alternating current, stimulates nerve and muscle tissue Galvanic Current Direct current of low voltage and high amperage Tesla Alternating current; known as “violet-ray” Radiation Transfer of heat through a vacuum

Effects of Electric Current Click on the card to view the definition of the key term. Click on the definition to reveal the key term. Infrared Light Heat-producing invisible light beyond red on the spectrum Visible Light Portion of electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see Ultraviolet Rays Short- wavelength rays that can be damaging to the skin Phoresis The process of forcing acid or alkali into the skin by applying current

Effects of Electric Current Click on the card to view the definition of the key term. Click on the definition to reveal the key term. Anode Positively charged electrode Sinusoidal Current Alternating current; produces muscle contractions Electrotherapy Application of special currents that have certain effects on the skin Cathode Negatively charged electrode

Effects of Electric Current Click on the card to view the definition of the key term. Click on the definition to reveal the key term. Conduction Transfer of heat via direct contact Anaphoresis Forcing of alkaline solution into skin with a negative electrode Cataphoresis Forcing of acidic solution into skin with a positive electrode Convection Transfer of heat via liquid or gas

Effects of Electric Current Click on the card to view the definition of the key term. Click on the definition to reveal the key term. Light Therapy Production of beneficial effects on the body through the use of light rays or waves White light Visible, combination light that can be broken into its wavelengths by a prism

Mechanical or Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Heating Mechanical or Magnetic Electrochemical More resistance equals more heat Heating elements heat up with the flow of current Push-pull effect causes motor to turn Electric current travels through a water-based solution to produce relaxing or stimulating effects Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Effects of Electric Current Beyond the Book If your hair stands up in a storm, positive charges are rising through you and reaching toward the negatively charged part of the storm. That's not a good sign! Your best bet is to get yourself indoors immediately. http://news.nationalgeographic.com

Electrotherapy Application of special currents (modalities) that have certain effects on the skin Electrode – safe contact point through which current can pass to client ALERT! A person with any potentially restrictive medical condition should always consult a physician before receiving electrotherapy treatment. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Oldest form of electrotherapy Galvanic Current Oldest form of electrotherapy Direct current of low voltage and high amperage A special appliance is necessary to convert AC to DC Chemical effects are caused by passing the current through acid or alkaline solutions and/or by passing current through body tissues and fluids Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Most typical application of Galvanic current Electrotherapy Phoresis Process of forcing an acid or alkali into the skin by applying current to the chemical Most typical application of Galvanic current Referred to as “bleaching the skin” Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Anaphoresis Uses a negative (-) pole to force alkaline solutions into the skin Produces alkaline reaction Increases blood flow Softens tissues Stimulates nerves Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Cataphoresis Uses a positive (+) pole to force acidic solutions into the skin Produces acidic reaction Slows blood flow Hardens tissues Soothes nerves Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Galvanic Current Apply active electrode to the client Instruct client to hold the inactive electrode Wrap both electrodes in moist cotton Never use more than one milliampere of current Also used for iontophoresis and desincrustation NEVER use the Galvanic current over an area having many broken capillaries. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Faradic Current Alternating current, interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue Improves blood circulation Improves muscle tone Stimulates hair growth Increases glandular activity Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Faradic Current Indirect Method Most frequently used faradic current application Salon professional wears wrist band with moistened electrode Second electrode is held by client or attached to lower neck Salon professional places fingers on client’s face before turning on current to prevent shock Facial massage is performed when the current reaches desired level Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Faradic Current Direct Method Place both electrodes on client’s skin BE CERTAIN THAT THEY NEVER TOUCH Turn on current and slowly increase only after electrodes are in place Current travels through the motor nerves between the electrodes, causing muscle stimulation Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Sinusoidal Current Alternating current with a mechanical effect, much like the faradic current that produces muscle contraction Use the Indirect Method application only Penetrates more deeply Provides greater stimulation to treated area Should not be used on unhealthy and/or broken skin Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Tesla Current Alternating current that can be adjusted to different voltages to produce heat Known as the “violet-ray” Results in relaxation or stimulation, depending on method of application Improves blood circulation Increases rate of metabolism Increases sebaceous glandular activity Does not produce muscle contractions Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Tesla Current Direct Application Apply electrode directly to the client’s scalp or face Indirect Application Active electrode is held by client while the cosmetologist manually stimulates the area being treated Turn off current before exchanging electrode with client General Electrification Hand electrode to client before activating current Switch power on; tingling or vibrating effect is felt by client Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Tesla Current Cosmetology uses include: Dry skin facial treatment – Indirect Application Mild acne and/or blackhead facial treatment – Direct Application Dry scalp – Indirect Application Scalp treatment – Direct Application Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Precautions General Always read manufacturer’s directions and follow them carefully Electrodes should never touch each other Galvanic, Faradic & Sinusoidal Current Never take current over 1 milliampere Make sure current is off before beginning indirect application and before breaking contact with client Sinusoidal treatment should not exceed 30 minutes Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Precautions Tesla Current Begin with mild current, increase slowly Keep client out of contact with metal during treatment Limit treatment duration to approximately 5 minutes If you use cream – it should contain NO alcohol Turn current on AFTER client is holding electrode Turn off current before removing electrode Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Heat Energy Heat always moves from a hotter body to a cooler body and can be transferred by: Conduction – direct contact Convection – liquid or gas Radiation – through a vacuum Effects of heat: Mild – relaxes muscles, increases blood circulation Intense – destroys cells and tissues Pyrolysis is the chemical breakdown of the skin caused by intense heat Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electrotherapy Beyond the Book Take a look at some of the first technologies used by the father of electrical energy, Nikola Tesla. http://www.electrotherapymuseum.com

Light Therapy Production of beneficial effects on the body through treatments using light rays or waves. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Light Therapy Electromagnetic radiation is the wave-like patterns caused by the transfer of heat energy by radiation. Wavelength – measurement of waves from crest to crest Shorter wavelength = more energy (x-ray) Longer wavelength = less energy (heat lamps) Electromagnetic spectrum – range of all the wavelengths produced by radiant energy Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Light Therapy Visible Light Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see Waves are either absorbed or reflected Reflected waves are interpreted as color Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Light Therapy Visible Light White light – combination light that is broken into individual wavelengths by a prism Visible spectrum Longest wavelengths produce red Shortest wavelengths produce violet Two kinds of salon lights produce “white light”: Fluorescent – bluer tones or cooler casts Incandescent – redder tones or warmer casts Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Light Therapy Invisible Light Eighty percent (80%) of sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond red (infrared) Eight percent (8%) of natural sunlight is composed of invisible rays beyond violet (ultraviolet) Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Light Therapy Infrared Light Benefits include: Produces heat Exposure times during a facial range from 5 to 15 minutes Place light at least 30” from the client’s face MUST cover eyes with eye pads or protective eye forms Benefits include: Increased circulation Increased skin gland secretions Relaxation of muscles Stimulation of cell and tissue activity Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Light Therapy Ultraviolet Light Shorter wavelengths - more damaging than infrared rays Positive effects on the skin Small doses tan the skin and aid in production of Vitamin D Kills bacteria that causes skin infections (germicidal) Promotes healing and is used in the treatment of acne Negative effects of overexposure Sunburned skin, damaged eyes, photochemically damaged hair Can result in skin cancer Tanning in excess causes dry, leathery skin, peeling, itching, wrinkling, sagging and permanent discoloration ALWAYS wear protective eyewear during UV therapy Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

“Winter Blues” Light Therapy Beyond the Book Symptoms: Low energy Excessive sleep Over-eating Weight gain Severe depression How it works? Sends images to the brain Eyes tell pineal gland (small pea-sized gland located in the brain) when the day is over Gland induces drowsiness by secreting melatonin Influences moods, hunger and metabolism What to do? Doctors have learned to treat this seasonal depression and jet lag by using a simple device called a light box www.eyesite.ca

True or False Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check On a sheet of paper numbered 1-8, answer the following questions. Tesla is the direct current used in electrotherapy treatments. Cataphoresis uses a positive electrode to force acidic solutions into the skin without breaking the skin. True or False Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology

True or False Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check Treatment with light rays is called light therapy. The chemical breakdown of the skin caused by intense heat is called vaporizing. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check Which type of light can create blue or cool tones? invisible sunlight fluorescent incandescent The average distance you should place an infrared lamp during a facial is about ______ inches. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check Which of the following types of light has the shortest wavelength? red violet infrared ultraviolet Overexposure to what type of light can result in skin cancer? visible fluorescent incandescent Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Know Chart As you correct your answers, evaluate your progress. Create a Know Chart with 2 columns. Place correct answers from the Self-Check under the “I Know” column. Then place incorrect answers under the “I Need to Study” column. KNOW CHART I Know: I Need to Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.8. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check False Now check your work. Tesla is the direct current used in electrotherapy treatments. True or False Observe as each of the False statements become True. The direct current used in electrotherapy treatments is galvanic current. False Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology

True or False Principles of Electricity Self-Check True Cataphoresis uses a positive electrode to force acidic solutions into the skin without breaking the skin. True or False True Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology

True or False Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check True Treatment with light rays is called light therapy. True Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

True or False Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check False The chemical breakdown of the skin caused by intense heat is called vaporizing. Pyrolysis is the chemical breakdown of the skin caused by intense heat. False Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check Which type of light can create blue or cool tones? invisible sunlight fluorescent incandescent The average distance you should place an infrared lamp during a facial is about ______ inches. 30 Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electricity in Cosmetology Self-Check Which of the following types of light has the shortest wavelength? red violet infrared ultraviolet Overexposure to what type of light can result in skin cancer? visible fluorescent incandescent Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

  Lessons Learned Effects of Electric Current FACE THE FACTS Effects of Electric Current Effects of electric current are heating, mechanical or magnetic and electrochemical Electrotherapy Electrotherapy is the application of special currents (modalities) that have certain effects on the skin   Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

  Lessons Learned Electrotherapy: Galvanic Current FACE THE FACTS Electrotherapy: Galvanic Current Direct current of low voltage and high amperage Chemical effects are caused by passing the current though particular acid or alkaline solutions and/or passing current through body tissues and fluids   Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

    Lessons Learned Electrotherapy: Faradic Current FACE THE FACTS Electrotherapy: Faradic Current Alternating current, interrupted to produce a mechanical, non-chemical reaction Stimulates nerve and muscle tissue Electrotherapy: Sinusoidal Current Alternating current with a mechanical effect Produces muscle contractions     Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

   Lessons Learned Electrotherapy: Tesla Current FACE THE FACTS Electrotherapy: Tesla Current High frequency current known as violet ray Relaxation or stimulation, depending on method of application Does NOT produce muscle contractions    Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

    Lessons Learned Light Therapy FACE THE FACTS Light Therapy Production of beneficial effects on the body through treatments using light rays or waves Visible light is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans see The wavelengths that produce red are the longest waves of the visible spectrum Fluorescent and incandescent light are two kinds of light produced in the salon     Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

IT’S 2 U! The following sound association activity can be used to help remember the differences between the types of electrotherapy used in the salon. Galvanic current – Make a low, steady “hum” sound. This will symbolize a direct current flowing in one, constant direction represented by the monotony of the low, steady “hum”. Faradic current – Make a high-pitched “zit, zit” sound similar to a high-speed drill used by a dentist. This is done to represent an alternating current which provides minimal penetration of the skin. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

IT’S 2 U! The following sound association activity can be used to help remember the differences between the types of electrotherapy used in the salon. Sinusoidal current – Make a low, guttural “zoot, zoot” sound similar to many bull frogs in a swamp. This is done to represent an alternating current capable of producing deeper penetration of the skin. Tesla current – Blow out through the lips making a “pluugh” sound similar to that of a child playing with a car mimicking the car engine. Tesla is an alternating current able to cause vibration. “Feel” the vibration of your lips as you make the “pluugh” sound. Chapter 4.2 Electricity Electricity In Cosmetology

Electricity Self-Test On a sheet of paper numbered 1-10, answer the following questions. The movement of electricity along a conductor is called: voltage wattage conductance electric current Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test Materials such as glass and paper do not allow electricity to flow through them and are called: loads insulators open circuits closed circuits Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test An ampere is a unit of electric: pressure strength resistance frequency Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test A volt is a unit of electric: pressure strength resistance frequency Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test A unit of electrical resistance is called a(n): ohm volt watt insulator Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test The two forms of electrical current are: AB & DC AC & DC AD & BC hot & cold Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test Which of the following is NOT an effect of electric current? heating effect cooling effect magnetic effect electrochemical effect Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test The direct current used in electrotherapy treatments is: Tesla Faradic Galvanic Sinusoidal Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test High frequency and alternating current are characteristics of which type of electrotherapy? Tesla Galvanic Sinusoidal direct current Chapter 4 Electricity

Electricity Self-Test Which type of light can create blue or cool tones? sunlight invisible fluorescent incandescent Chapter 4 Electricity

Time to check the self-test Electricity Self-Test Time to check the self-test d. electric current b. insulators b. strength a. pressure a. ohm Chapter 4 Electricity

Time to check the self-test Electricity Self-Test Time to check the self-test b. AC & DC b. cooling effect c. Galvanic a. Tesla c. fluorescent Chapter 4 Electricity

Using electricity safely = well-being of Chapter 4: Electricity Principles of Electricity Electricity in Cosmetology In conclusion... Using electricity safely = well-being of stylist and client