HPT Rev. 0 Page 1 of 52 TP-1 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program ACADs (08-006) Covered Keywords Pathways, pathway analysis, preoperational monitoring, water sampling, plant effects, trends in environment. Description Supporting Material Instructor Notes

Enabling Objectives Objectives of REMP REMP Requirements Document Two Primary Pathways Parameters of Critical Pathway Analysis Importance of Preoperational Monitoring Direct Radiation Measurements Local, Perimeter, & Remote Stations

Enabling Objectives Categories of Food Products Water Sampling Technique Categories of Fish Quality Control Samples Purpose of Land Use Survey Predominant Fission/Activation Product Results Report

REMP Objectives Determine Plant Effects on People Determine Trends of Radioactivity in the Environment Provide Assurance to the Public Meet Regulatory Requirements Provide for Monitoring during Emergencies

REMP Bases 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 64 - Monitor Plant Environs for Radioactivity. 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Appropriate Monitoring to Evaluate Doses. NRC Generic Letter – Programmatic Controls in Tech Specs & ODCM

REMP Descriptions FSAR – General Monitoring Program Plant Technical Specifications – Administrative Controls. Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) – Specific Requirements for the Monitoring Programs

Critical Pathways Airborne Pathways Waterborne Pathways

Airborne Pathways Direct (Air) 1. Direct Radiation 2. Inhalation Indirect (Ground or Terrestrial) 1. Materials Deposited on Ground 2. Materials Deposited on Plants and Ingested.

Waterborne Pathway Ingestion of Water Ingestion of Fish or other Aquatic Animals or Plants Direct Exposure at the Shoreline

Pathways for Exposure

Parameters for a Critical Pathway Analysis Dose Projections Weather Patterns Population Distribution Land Use

Air-Related Pathways DoseConc.LLD mRem/yr 1. AirpCi/m 3 pCi/m 3 I Noble Gas MilkpCi/LpCi/L I VegetablespCi/KgpCi/Kg I Sr Sr

Ranking Air-Related Pathways Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr) SrIodine Noble Gases 1.Vegetation(1.7) Milk (>1) (1.0 Sr-90) (Conservative (0.7 Sr-89) Assumptions) 2. Vegetation (0.62) Direct (0.43) 3. Inhalation (0.05) Milk (0.09) (Actual Location) 4.

Dose Distribution – SQN % of TotalMonitors Rank Dose Sector 1-10 Miles >10 Miles SSWLM, PM NNELM, PM RM NELM NLM, PM SWPM RM S SSE ENE SE NNW WSWPM E ESE RM WPM NW WNW RM

Dose Distribution Times Population - SQN % of Total Rank DoseSector Monitors, 1-10 Miles 1 19 SSWLM, PM 2 15 WSWPM 3 12 SWPM 4 9 NW 5 9 WPM 6 6 WNW 7 5 S 8 3 NNW 9 3 SSE 10 2 NLM 11 2 NNELM 12 2 SE 13 1 ESE 14 1 NELM 15 1 ENE 16 1 E

Water-Related Pathways Annual Dose mRem/yr Concentration LLD 1.Water pCi/L pCi/L MF&AP I H Sr FishpCi/g pCi/g MF&AP I Sr MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

Ranking Water-Related Pathways Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr) IodineSrMF&AP Fish (0.38) 3. Fish Ingestion (0.021) 4. WaterWaterWater Ingestion (0.0051) Ingestion (0.0022) Ingestion Fish (0.0055)(0.0023) MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

Preoperational Monitoring Program Establish Background Radiation Levels Identify Fluctuations in Background Data

Background Fluctuations Seasonal Annual Random

Gross Beta in Air

Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

Direct Radiation Monitoring

Atmospheric Monitoring Stations Local Monitors (LM) – On or Adjacent to the Site Boundary Perimeter Monitors (PM) – 3-10 Miles from the Site Remote Monitors (RM) – > 10 Miles from the Site

Air Monitor Station

Original Air Filter

Air Flow Measuring Equipment

Present Air Sample Collector

Air Filter Assembly

Rainwater Collection Tray

One Type of Soil Sampler

Typical Food Products - 1 Fresh Leafy Vegetables 1. Lettuce 2. Cabbage 3. Greens Other Vegetables 1. Tomatoes 2. Green Beans 3. Corn

Typical Food Products - 2 Tubers 1. Potatoes 2. Turnips Fruits 1. Apples 2. Peaches Meat/Poultry 1. Beef 2. Chicken

Water Sampling Station

Fish Samples Commercial Species 1. Catfish 2. Smallmouth Buffalo Game Species 1. Bass 2. Crappie

Electrofishing

Sample Analyses Gross Beta – Low Background Counter I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta- Gamma Coincidence Counting Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct. Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting

Liquid Scintillation Counting

Sample Analyses Gross Beta – Low Background Counter I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma Coincidence Counting Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct. Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting Gamma – Gamma Spectroscopy 1. Marinelli Beaker 2. “Cottage Cheese” Type Container, Various Charcoal Cartridge – High Resolution Gamma

Marinelli Beakers

Counting Solid Samples

Quality Control Program Equipment Checks Laboratory Cross Check Program with Outside Laboratory Split Samples with AL, TN, & EPA Quality Control Samples Supervisors Review Trends/Problems

Quality Control Samples Blank Samples Duplicate Samples Split Samples Analytical Knowns Blind Spikes Internal Cross-Checks

Land Use Survey

Cs-137 in Soil

Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Site/Plant Descriptions Monitoring Program Description Assessment/Evaluation of Plant Impacts Monitoring Program Modifications Missed Samples/Analyses

Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Analytical Procedures Nominal Lower Limits of Detection (LLD) Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program Land Use Survey Results Data Tables

Summary - Analysis Critical Pathway Analysis Includes Dose Projections Based on: 1. Dose Projections 2. Weather Patterns 3. Population Distribution 4. Land Use

Summary - REMP REMP Sampling 1. Direct Radiation 2. Atmospheric Media 3. Terrestrial Media 4. Waterborne Media Quality Assurance/Quality Control Land Use Survey Annual Report to NRC