Weapons and Strategies of World War I The Schlieffen Plan ► Germany planned to beat France first then concentrate on Russia ► Was to be fast & fatal.

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Presentation transcript:

Weapons and Strategies of World War I

The Schlieffen Plan ► Germany planned to beat France first then concentrate on Russia ► Was to be fast & fatal – completed in 6 weeks ► Place main army to the North and concentrate on pushing through France and around Paris

► Place small army to the South to draw the bulk of the French army into the Alps ► Burst through Belgium and roll past Paris trapping the French army into defeat against the Alps ► Based on the idea that victory goes to the one who attacks first

Failure of the Plan ► German generals misunderstood the plan and placed the bulk of their army to the South ► This caused the German army to be successful at pushing the French back in towards Paris and not into the ‘trap’ of the Alps

► Germany did not expect Britain to protect Belgium’s neutrality and was not prepared to engage the British & French in combined warfare ► Stalemate occurred, losing the effect of speed and surprise

Trench Warfare ► The machine gun made it impossible to stand and charge at the enemy ► 100s of soldiers were killed in wave attacks, mowed down as they charged the lines ► The only way to avoid the gunfire was to ‘dig in’

► Trench warfare began in Autumn of 1914 ► Contributed to the stalemate --- tens of thousands of soldiers would be killed attempting to gain only meters of land at a time ► Caused the destruction of European land

Digging in – Belgium troops waiting for German attack

German trenches

German trench in Russia

Russian trenches

Home Sweet Home?

Wet & Muddy

Trench Foot

Australian Medical Troops

Sleeping in the trenches

Going over the top

No Man’s Land

New Weapons of War ► The Machine Gun was introduced allowing for the rapid firing of bullets without having to reload (2 machine guns = 60 to 100 rifles) ► Made it impossible to stand in front of each other and fight – forced a new style of warfare ► Were able to kill hundreds of enemy troops at a time – most casualties ever recorded in single battles

Vicker’s Machine Gun

Tanks ► Tanks were first successfully used in an organized attack in France at the Battle of Cambrai in 1917 by the British ► Largely ineffective but imposing – intimidated the opposition ► Were well-used as shields for advancing troops and for knocking out barbed wire

Follow the leader!

► Very slow & inaccurate  much unlike tanks today ► Would often sink and get stuck in the muddy fields of ‘No Man’s Land’

Crossing a trench!

Stuck in the Mud!

► Grenades used to clear paths through ‘No Man’s Land’

Bayonets ► Knives attached to the front of guns ► Used in close combat when storming enemy troops

Mortar Fire - Artillery

Gas Attacks

Gas attacks from above

Gas Masks

Flame Throwers

► Used to secure land in front of trenches ► Used to clear paths through ‘No Man’s Land’ ► Could be very dangerous to carry for soldiers (explosive!)

Convoy Systems ► Naval tactic where battleships accompanied cargo ships from colonial ports ► Protection from submarines

WWI Dreadnought

U-boats ► Unterseeboot (Submarine) ► Used to attack boats attempting to bring supplies to Britain (Canada key in this role) ► Initially only attacked warships but eventually attacked any allied ship in the channel ► Sinking of the Lusitania (1915) – Passenger ship with American civilians on board

U-boats

Submarines

Airplanes ► Invented in 1903 ► First time used in war ► In 1915 they were armed with machine guns and bombs ► shoot down 5 enemy planes = ACE  Billy Bishop (Famous Canadian ACE)  Pilots = short life expectancy

Airplanes

The Results of War