22 Million People 22 Million People Preserve the Union Preserve the Union Materials had to be hauled by wagon Materials had to be hauled by wagon Trained military leaders Trained military leaders Had to rely on supplies from Europe for weapons, clothes, food, etc. Had to rely on supplies from Europe for weapons, clothes, food, etc. Width of railroad tracks varied from track to track Width of railroad tracks varied from track to track 20,000 miles of tack connect all the major cities-transportation for troops and supplies 20,000 miles of tack connect all the major cities-transportation for troops and supplies 9 Million People 9 Million People Two-thirds of America’s railroad miles Two-thirds of America’s railroad miles Established military and government Established military and government 3.5 Million Slaves 3.5 Million Slaves Military Tradition- Citadel and VMI Military Tradition- Citadel and VMI 67 percent of America’s food farms 67 percent of America’s food farms Experience riding horses and firing weapons Experience riding horses and firing weapons 80 percent of America’s factories 80 percent of America’s factories Little currency, gold, or silver Little currency, gold, or silver Aggressor-invading Aggressor-invading Cotton Cotton Only 1.3 million could fight Only 1.3 million could fight 75 percent of America’s wealth 75 percent of America’s wealth Fighting for Independence Fighting for Independence Defensive- familiar territory Defensive- familiar territory

NORTH: 22 Million People 22 Million People Preserve the Union Preserve the Union 20,000 miles of tack connect all the major cities-transportation for troops and supplies 20,000 miles of tack connect all the major cities-transportation for troops and supplies 9 Million People 9 Million People Two-thirds of America’s railroad miles Two-thirds of America’s railroad miles Established military and government Established military and government 67 percent of America’s food farms 67 percent of America’s food farms 80 percent of America’s factories 80 percent of America’s factories Aggressor-invading Aggressor-invading 75 percent of America’s wealth 75 percent of America’s wealthSOUTH: Materials had to be hauled by wagon Trained military leaders Had to rely on supplies from Europe for weapons, clothes, food, etc. Width of railroad tracks varied from track to track 9 Million People 3.5 Million Slaves Military Tradition- Citadel and VMI Experience riding horses and firing weapons Little currency, gold, or silver Cotton Only 1.3 million could fight Fighting for Independence Defensive- familiar territory

The North: Anaconda Plan: blockade the south so they couldn’t get supplies or make money Anaconda Plan: blockade the south so they couldn’t get supplies or make money Capture Richmond, VA- the capital of the South Capture Richmond, VA- the capital of the South Take the Mississippi River to cut the South in half Take the Mississippi River to cut the South in half Total War- destroy land, towns and make people want to give up Total War- destroy land, towns and make people want to give up Stop European nations from recognizing the South as a country Stop European nations from recognizing the South as a country

Wear down the Union so they would give up Wear down the Union so they would give up Break the Union blockade Break the Union blockade King Cotton Diplomacy- stop selling Cotton to Europe so France and England will help the South King Cotton Diplomacy- stop selling Cotton to Europe so France and England will help the South Capture Washington DC, the capital of the Union Capture Washington DC, the capital of the Union

When Lincoln was elected he said his goal was to preserve the Union, not end slavery When Lincoln was elected he said his goal was to preserve the Union, not end slavery After Lincoln’s election the Confederate states began seizing the federal forts in their states and along their coasts After Lincoln’s election the Confederate states began seizing the federal forts in their states and along their coasts By 1861, only 2 federal forts were left- Fort Sumter was the most important By 1861, only 2 federal forts were left- Fort Sumter was the most important Fort Sumter was held by Union troops led by General Anderson Fort Sumter was held by Union troops led by General Anderson

The Union troops were running low on supplies b/c the Confederates would not allow it to be resupplied The Union troops were running low on supplies b/c the Confederates would not allow it to be resupplied The Confederate troops led by P.G.T. Beauregard demanded the Union troops surrender. The Confederate troops led by P.G.T. Beauregard demanded the Union troops surrender. Lincoln faced a dilemma: Lincoln faced a dilemma: Sending in troops and ammunition would be seen as an act of war, provoking the South and maybe causing other southern states to secede Sending in troops and ammunition would be seen as an act of war, provoking the South and maybe causing other southern states to secede Eventually Lincoln had to do something so the troops would not starve- he decided to send only food to help the soldiers Eventually Lincoln had to do something so the troops would not starve- he decided to send only food to help the soldiers

Now the dilemma was Jefferson Davis’- if he attacked the food resupply he would provoke the war and be the aggressor, but he could not let the fort be resupplied Now the dilemma was Jefferson Davis’- if he attacked the food resupply he would provoke the war and be the aggressor, but he could not let the fort be resupplied Davis ordered the Union troops to surrender, and when they didn’t Davis ordered Beauregard to fire on the fort Davis ordered the Union troops to surrender, and when they didn’t Davis ordered Beauregard to fire on the fort The Confederates opened fire at 4:30 a.m. April 12, 1861 The Confederates opened fire at 4:30 a.m. April 12, 1861 The Confederates bombed the Fort for 3 days until Anderson surrendered The Confederates bombed the Fort for 3 days until Anderson surrendered The war had officially started The war had officially started

MUST INCLUDE: MUST INCLUDE: FORT SUMTER FORT SUMTER BULL RUN BULL RUN SHILOH SHILOH ANTIETAM ANTIETAM EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION GETTYSBURG GETTYSBURG GETTYSBURG ADDRESS GETTYSBURG ADDRESS APPOMATTOX APPOMATTOX EXTRA CREDIT: EXTRA CREDIT: VICKSBURG VICKSBURG SHERMAN’S MARCH SHERMAN’S MARCH DESRIPTION OF WAR STRATEGIES DESRIPTION OF WAR STRATEGIES PICTURES/DRAWINGS OF PICTURES/DRAWINGS OF BATTLES BATTLES IMPORTANT LEADERS IMPORTANT LEADERS MAP WITH BATTLES LABELED MAP WITH BATTLES LABELED

First official battle between the two armies on land First official battle between the two armies on land South Wins South Wins Shows the north that this would be a long, costly, and deadly war Shows the north that this would be a long, costly, and deadly war Lincoln asks for more troops Lincoln asks for more troops People from both sides brought picnics to watch the battle People from both sides brought picnics to watch the battle Both sides thought the war would be over quickly Both sides thought the war would be over quickly Union was trying to capture the capital of the Confederacy Union was trying to capture the capital of the Confederacy

First major battle of the west First major battle of the west Union troops were trying to take over Mississippi (part of the Union strategy to divide the South) Union troops were trying to take over Mississippi (part of the Union strategy to divide the South) First day of fighting the south won, but the union got reinforcements and they ultimately won, giving them the advantage to take over the Mississippi First day of fighting the south won, but the union got reinforcements and they ultimately won, giving them the advantage to take over the Mississippi

First major battle that takes place in the North First major battle that takes place in the North The South was winning the war, and they wanted to show the North they could win outside of the South The South was winning the war, and they wanted to show the North they could win outside of the South Long days of fighting, multiple deaths on both sides, neither side was really winning Long days of fighting, multiple deaths on both sides, neither side was really winning But… the southerners started to retreat back to VA, which allowed the North to claim victory But… the southerners started to retreat back to VA, which allowed the North to claim victory This victory prevented England & France from helping the South, and allowed Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation This victory prevented England & France from helping the South, and allowed Lincoln to pass the Emancipation Proclamation

July 1-3, 1863 July 1-3, 1863 Confederates organized a raiding party to get shoes they heard were in the town Confederates organized a raiding party to get shoes they heard were in the town Union troops were waiting for the Confederates Union troops were waiting for the Confederates Lee tried to take Little Round Top to take the higher ground; less than half made it to the top Lee tried to take Little Round Top to take the higher ground; less than half made it to the top Known as Pickett’s Charge Known as Pickett’s Charge Lee retreated after 3 days of fighting Lee retreated after 3 days of fighting Union lost 23,000 & Confederates lost 28,000 Union lost 23,000 & Confederates lost 28,000 Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address CRITICAL TURNING POINT: Union proved the Confederacy could beaten CRITICAL TURNING POINT: Union proved the Confederacy could beaten

Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was created on the idea that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was created on the idea that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.” Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Lincoln believed America was “one nation,” not a collection of sovereign states. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave. Southerners believed that states had freely joined the Union and could freely leave.

April 9, 1865 April 9, 1865 Lee was surrounded by the Union forces on all sides- Grant had succeeded in cutting off and destroying Lee’s army Lee was surrounded by the Union forces on all sides- Grant had succeeded in cutting off and destroying Lee’s army Lee ordered his troops to retreat back across the Appomattox River. Rather than destroy is army and sacrifice the lives of his soldiers, he decided to surrender Lee ordered his troops to retreat back across the Appomattox River. Rather than destroy is army and sacrifice the lives of his soldiers, he decided to surrender Although this did not immediately end the war, it is considered the last battle of the Civil War Although this did not immediately end the war, it is considered the last battle of the Civil War Lincoln gave Lee and his men lenient terms- the troops were allowed to return to their homes and the Union soldiers were told not to celebrate or taunt the Confederates Lincoln gave Lee and his men lenient terms- the troops were allowed to return to their homes and the Union soldiers were told not to celebrate or taunt the Confederates

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President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary President of the United States during the Civil War, who insisted that the Union be held together, by force if necessary Never thought the South ever officially left the Union Never thought the South ever officially left the Union Senator who became president of the Confederate States of America Senator who became president of the Confederate States of America

Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed Union military commander, who won victories over the South after several other Union commanders had failed Confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia (Lee opposed secession, but did not believe the Union should be held together by force), who urged Southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans again, when some Southerners wanted to fight on after Appomattox

Former enslaved African American who became a prominent abolitionist and who urged Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans to fight in the Union army Former enslaved African American who became a prominent abolitionist and who urged Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans to fight in the Union army