New York ► Mouth of Hudson River ► Central node of Megalopolis  U.N. headquarters ► NYC = nation’s commercial & financial center ► Boroughs?  Staten Island  Brooklyn  Queens  Bronx  Manhattan

Staten Island ► Pop. = 380,000 ► Settled by Dutch ► Verrazano-Narrows Bridge

Brooklyn ► Pop. = 2.3 mill. ► Most diverse & populated of boroughs ► Brooklyn Bridge

Queens ► Pop. = 2 mill. ► Largest physical size of boroughs ► Queensboro Bridge  Connects Queens to Manhattan (East River)

Bronx ► Pop. = 1.2 mill. ► Named after Jonas Bronk (1639) ► Yankee Stadium

Manhattan ► Pop. = 1.5 mill ► Smallest in area/most urbanized  71,201/sq. mi. ► Per capita GDP = >$100,000 ► Largest business district in U.S.  NYSE  NASDAQ (2 ND largest stock exchange after NYSE) ► “National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations”  Home to most corporate h.q. ► United Nations h.q.

Washington, D.C. ► Anchor of Megalopolis ► Seat of the U.S. govt. ► #1 employer = govt. ► #2 employer = tourism  Historical sites ► Urban sprawl  the uncontrolled spread of urban development into neighboring regions

Out w/the old & in w/the new? ► Northeast = very old infrastructure & buildings ► Adaptive Reuse  the process of reusing an old site or building for a purpose other than which it was built or designed for ► promotes land conservation and reduces urban sprawl ► Gentrification  Refurbishment of old building stock by urban professionals for residential or office space.

Pratt Street Power Plant in Baltimore, Maryland: converted into retail, restaurants, and offices. Example of Adaptive Reuse

Used to be P & LE Railroad Station, Pittsburgh, PA Now, it’s Station Square—an indoor and outdoor shopping, dining and entertainment complex located in the South Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh ► 275,000 square feet of retail space  65 stores, restaurants and entertainment venues  The Amphitheatre at Station Square and the 396-room Sheraton ► As one of Pittsburgh’s largest tourist destinations, it attracts more than three million people annually Example of Adaptive Reuse

Baltimore’s Inner Harbor revitalized into HarborPlace --Was a center of warehouses and docks --Now a center of retail, restaurants, businesses, sports & entertainment BEFORE:AFTER:

Mills to residential conversion ► Ex: Massachusetts Mills in Lowell, MA was converted into a 445-unit apartment complex beginning in 1990

► Libertyville’s “mini-mansions” are examples of gentrification  People buy older real-estate, tear it down & build newer and bigger houses

Downside to Urban Gentrification ► Gentrification  when wealthier people ("gentry") acquire or rent property in low income and working class communities  Urban gentrification is associated with movement  With gentrification, the avg. income increases and avg. family size decreases in the community. ► Results in higher rent, house prices, & property taxes = poorer native residents of the neighborhood are displaced  old industrial buildings are converted to residences and shops (Adaptive Reuse)  new businesses, catering to a more wealthy base of consumers, move in, further increasing the appeal to more wealthy migrants and decreasing the accessibility to the poor