Unit 4 Connecting Hemispheres: 900 - 1800 World History Unit 4 Connecting Hemispheres: 900 - 1800

Chapter 20 The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D. Section 1 Spanish Conquests in the Americas

Spanish Conquests in the Americas Objectives To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with Columbus. To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish. To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas. Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda

Spanish Conquests in the Americas Columbus’ Voyages Goal: trade route to Asia (west) gold and spices 1492: San Salvador los Indios 1493 empire builder 17 ships, 100 settlers colonies Pedro Alvares Cabral - 1500 Brazil for Portugal Amerigo Vespucci - 1507 discovery of ‘new world’ Vasco Nunez de Balboa - 1512 1st to gaze Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan - 1519 1st to circumnavigate globe

Exploration Voyages

Spain’s American Empire Hernando Cortes - 1519 conquistadors (conquerors) gold and silver Aztec Empire - 1521 600 men Tenochtitlan Aztec capital Montezuma II Aztec emperor Reasons for conquest weapons, allies, disease Francisco Pizarro - 1532 200 men vs. 30,000 men Atahaulpa Incan emperor

Spain’s American Empire New World Society mestizos mixed Spanish / native people encomienda native labor system Brazil Portuguese sugar plantations Spanish Influence Florida, SW United States Santa Fe mission capital Bartolome de Las Casas advocate of natives Native Resistance 1680 Pope Rebellion Christian conversion

Spanish Conquests in the Americas Objectives To describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with Columbus. Columbus: San Salvador, Cabral - Brazil, Magellan - globe To describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish. Cortez - Mexico-Aztec conquest, Pizarro - Peru-Inca conquest, disease and slavery decimate native populations To identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas. Spanish advance to N. America, missionaries establish Catholic missions, Native American peoples resist colonization Vocabulary: Christopher Columbus, colony, Hernando Cortez, conquistadors, Montezuma II, Francisco Pizarro, mestizo, encomienda

Assessment 1) Columbus’ 1st named island 2) main reason for Columbus’ 2nd voyage 3) lands controlled by another nation 4) he claimed Brazil for Portugal 5) new continent America named for him 6) 1st to circumnavigate the earth 7) he conquered the Aztec Empire 8) this term means ‘conquerors’ 9) he conquered the Incan Empire 10) define ‘encomienda’ 1) San Salvador 2) Spanish settlement 3) colonies 4) Pedro Alvares Cabral 5) Amerigo Vespucci 6) Ferdinand Magellan 7) Hernando Cortes 8) conquistadors 9) Francisco Pizarro 10) native labor system

Chapter 20 The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D. Section 2 Competing Claims in North America

Competing Claims in North America Objectives To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North America. To summarize competing claims in North America. To describe the Native American response to the land claims made by Europeans. Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom

Competing Claims in N. America Settling North America route to Asia settle for trade / colonies New France Jacques Cartier St. Lawrence, Montreal Samuel de Champlain - 1608 Quebec Sieur de La Salle - 1683 Louisiana fur trade over colonies midwest U.S. & E. Canada England Jamestown - 1607 gold 70% death rate 1st permanent settlement

Competing Claims in N. America Puritan New England Pilgrims - 1620 Plymouth separatists Puritans - 1630 Massachusetts Bay purify families Dutch Henry Hudson - 1609 Hudson Bay Dutch West India Co. - 1621 New Netherland N. American holdings trade diversity

Dutch Hudson Bay Company

Competing Claims in N. America Fight For N. America James, Duke of York - 1664 ousts Dutch (New York) English colonists 1.3M by 1750 French and Indian War 1754-1763 Seven Years’ War English defeat French England gets E. North America Spain gets Louisiana Dutch & French / Indians trade alliance English / Indians land and religion Metacom King Philip’s War

French and Indian Wars

Competing Claims in North America Objectives To identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North America. French - St. Lawrence and Mississippi, fur trade; English - Jamestown, religious freedom; Dutch - diverse population To summarize competing claims in North America. English drive Dutch from New Netherland; English defeat French in Seven Years’ War To describe the Native American response to the land claims made by Europeans. French & Dutch trade with natives; English colonies conflict; Metacom / English in King Philip’s war; disease decimation Vocabulary: New France, Jamestown, Pilgrims, Puritans, New Netherland, French and Indian War, Metacom

Assessment 1) What passage were Europeans looking for? 2) founded French colony at Quebec 3) French / Dutch traded natives for these 4) 1st permanent English settlement 5) wanted to separate from the English church 6) religious reformers who founded colony at Massachusetts Bay 7) Dutch colony that would later be New York 8) the Europeans who had the most colonists by 1750 9) the winners in the French and Indian War 10) Indian also known as King Philip 1) western route to Asia 2) Champlain 3) beaver furs 4) Jamestown 5) Pilgrims 6) Puritans 7) New Netherland 8) English 9) England 10) Metacom

Chapter 20 The Atlantic World, 1492-1800 A.D. Section 3 The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade Objectives To summarize the evolution of the slave trade. To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage. To describe the life of slaves in the colonies. To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade. Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage

The Atlantic Slave Trade Evolution of Slavery Africa minor institution Islam - 7th century non-Muslim POWs 4.8 million slaves men - military women - domestic servants not hereditary European Colonies mines and plantations Advantages immunity to European diseases experience in farming less likely to escape

The Atlantic Slave Trade buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas 1500-1600: 300,000 1600-1700: 1.5 million 1700-1870: 9.5 million Spain 1511 - 1st to import slaves mines and plantations Portugal Brazilian sugar plantations 3.6 million Caribbean sugar, tobacco, coffee North America 400,000 imported slaves

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade African Rulers Africans captured inland Slave port cities gold, guns, metal tools Triangular Trade Europe to Africa slaves Africa to Americas sugar, coffee, tobacco Americas to Europe Middle Passage 250-300 per ship 20% death rate disease, suicide, executions

The Atlantic Slave Trade

The Atlantic Slave Trade Slavery in America highest bidder mines, fields, domestics hereditary Resistance sabotage, slowdowns, escape, rebellions Consequences lost generations families torn apart introduction of firearms economic development cultural diffusion mixed populations

The Atlantic Slave Trade Objectives To summarize the evolution of the slave trade. Spain, Portugal, Holland, France, and England import slaves; Many Africans profit, some rulers oppose To describe the triangular trade and the middle passage. Europe, to Africa, to Americas;Middle passage=millions of slaves; 1 in 5 African slaves die in middle passage To describe the life of slaves in the colonies. Africans sold for work on plantations or mines; slaves resist through sabotage, uprisings, escape, and heritage preservation To identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade. African families torn apart; loss of African generations; Americas economies prosper; multicultural Americas populations Vocabulary: Atlantic slave trade, triangular trade, middle passage