COMMUTING IN AMERICA 2013 ALAN E. PISARSKI PRESERVING THE AMERICAN DREAM Oct 2013

New approach for CIA based on ACS structure  Not just a book – a series of 16 briefs  Briefs are backed by data sets  All are downloadable and FREE  Co-authored with Dr. Steven Polzin of USF  Housed at AASHTO; Supported by the CTPP  The intent is continuity for CIA into the future  Ability to do updates as data arrive  Reports now dated rather than numbered  Hello CIA 2013; Good-bye CIA IV

AVAILABILITY Commuting in America 2013 BRIEF NUMBER COMMUTING IN AMERICA 2013 Products ​ PDF Availability ​ Supporting Data* 1 ​ Introduction Introduction Available Nowhtmlexcel 2 ​ The Role of Commuting in Overall Travel Available Nowhtmlexcel 3 ​ Population and Worker Patterns Available Nowhtmlexcel 4 ​ Population and Worker Dynamics Available Nowhtmlexcel 5 ​ The Nature and Pattern of Jobs ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 6 ​ Job Dynamics ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 7 ​ Vehicle and Transit Availability Available Nowhtmlexcel 8 ​ Consumer Spending on Transportation ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 9 ​ How Commuting Influences Travel ​ Dec 2013 htmlexcel 10 ​ Commuting Mode Choice ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 11 ​ Commuting Departure Time and Trip Time ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 12 ​ Auto Commuting ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 13 ​ Transit Commuting ​ Nov 2013 htmlexcel 14 ​ Bicycling and Walk Commuting ​ Dec 2013 htmlexcel 15 ​ Commuting Flow Patterns ​ Dec 2013 htmlexcel 16The Evolving Role of Commuting ​ Dec 2013 htmlexcel

An attempt at estimating total shares of travel Table 2-1 Commuting in Perspective Travel by All Modes 2009Private Vehicle Travel 2009 Percent of Person Trips Percent of Person Miles of Travel Percent of Person Travel Time Percent of VMT Percent of Total Roadway VMT % Public and Commercial Travel Public Vehicle Travel2 Utility/Service Travel12 3 Freight and Goods Movement Travel10 4 Total100% Sources: NHTS 2009, FHWA State Statistical Abstracts, FHWA 1 FHWA estimate based on NHTS data. 2 FHWA estimate using vehicle registration data. 3FHWA estimate based on HPMS data and NHTS. 4 FHWA estimate based on HPMS data.

2/3rds of pop change in age group

Census Projections

Modal Trends

2.6 million new commuters in 2012

The major Group

The Intermediate and Minor Groups

What has happened

Testing “brand loyalty” Table 10-3 “Usual” Versus Yesterdays’ Travel Mode, 2009 NHTS “Usual” Commute ModeOn Travel Day, Percent Commuted by Drove AloneCarpoolTransitWalk Bicy cleOther Drive Alone Carpool Public Transportation Walk Bicycle Other *

Women’s mode choice moves closer to mens 2011 ACS Re departure for work At 6:30 am men 2x women 6:30 – 7:30 it’s a guy thing At 7:30 they are = After 7:30 women predominate Table 10-4 Modal Shares by Gender Commute ModeMaleFemaleF/M Ratio Car, Truck, Van86.07%86.47%100.5 Drive Alone76.19%77.00%101.1 Carpool:9.88%9.47% person carpool7.51%7.52% person carpool1.32%1.21% or-more-person carpool1.05%0.74%70.3 Public Transportation4.63%5.29%114.4 Bus or Trolley Bus2.34%2.95%126.4 Streetcar or Trolley Car0.06%0.07%120.1 Subway or Elevated1.62%1.78%109.6 Railroad0.58%0.47%80.8 Ferryboat0.03%0.02%72.8 Bicycle0.75%0.30%39.7 Walk2.85%2.68%94.1 Taxicab, Motorcycle, Other1.44%0.86%59.4 Work at Home4.26%4.40%103.1

A key guide to Commuter flows

CIA started tracking this in 1990

Figure 7-11 Distribution of Workers by Household Vehicle Availability

About the same number of households without vehicles since 1980 – 10 million 9% of hh have no vehicles; but only 3% of hh with workers have none And in only 8% are there more workers than vehicles In the rest cars = or exceed workers % %

Figure 7-9 Long-Term Trend in Households with Zero Vehicles by Racial/Ethnic Group

DRAMATIC CHANGES IN TRAVEL TIMES

SOME HELP ON VEHICLE SPENDING A guide to spending on vehicles 2011 CEX Lowest income $3,256 Average income $4,365 AttributeAllLowest Lower MiddleMiddle Upper MiddleUpper Persons Earners Vehicles Av. Annual Spending$49,705$22,001$32,092$42,403$57,460$94,551 Transportation Spending$8,293$3,256$5,142$7,592$10,205$15,264 % Trans Spending16.68%14.80%16.02%17.90%17.76%16.14% Trans Spending/Person$3,317$1,915$2,337$2,920$3,645$4,770 Trans Spending/Earner$6,379$6,512$5,713$5,840$6,003$7,632 Trans Spending/Vehicle$4,365$3,256$3,428$3,996$4,437$5,451

A QUICK VIEW OF SOME FINDINGS  Growing National Disparities  1000 counties lost population ; 1000 gained 97% of population  More of >65 population is at work = circa 15%  28% of households have no workers  2/3rds of workers (93 million) live in households with other workers  Commuting remains extremely important but it's share of travel appears to have stabilized at levels meaningfully below those in prior decades.  Personal vehicle commuting retains a dominant share; however, change is limited in share  Carpool losing market share until a 2012 uptick  Women more oriented to SOV than men  Women’s overall mode distribution moving closer to Men’s  The transportation share of consumer spending declined w recession, now in rebound  2011 travel time = 25.5 minutes; identical to 2000  Walk to work (2.77%) share half of share in 1980 (5.6%)  Work at home increases from 2 million in 80 to 6 in 2010  Workers working outside their county of residence quadrupled since 1960; now at 27%

Alan E. Pisarski Thank you Isn’t it suspicious that the problem is always individual behavior and the solution is always government action? Robert Bradley Jr.