Learning Objectives ALL will understand the definition of OCD MOST will be able to explain explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) SOME will explain and evaluate explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) Do Now: Outline two symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2 marks)

STARTER: MARKSCHEME Outline two symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2 marks) AO1 Up to 2 marks for description of symptoms. Likely points: Recurrent unwanted thoughts (1), recurrent performance of ritual behaviours (1), distress or disruption caused by obsessions and compulsions (1).

Learning Objectives ALL will understand the definition of OCD MOST will be able to explain explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) SOME will explain and evaluate explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) PROGRESS CHECK

Explanations of OCD: Memory Game (with a twist)

Biological Cognitive Explanations of OCD Neurophysiological Cognitive Genetic Memory problems Explanations of OCD Hypervigilance Biochemical This is the template for the map from memory outside the door, as a group, what detail can you add already to this?

Biological Cognitive Explanations of OCD Neurophysiological Genetic - OCD may be due to hypersensitivity of the basal ganglia - This area is responsible for motor movement so may give rise to some of the repetitive rituals seen in those with OCD Genetic Memory problems -McKeon and Murray (1987) patients with OCD more likely to have first degree relative with an anxiety disorder suggesting a genetic link - Pauls et al (1995) found higher percentage of OCD sufferers (10.3%) in relatives of patients with OCD than in a control group without OCD (1.9%) Sher et al (1989) found that people with OCD had poor memories for their actions, for example, they really could not remember if they had turned the light off. -Trivedi (1996) found people suffering from OCD had low confidence in their memory ability and also their non verbal memory was impaired Explanations of OCD Biochemical Hypervigilance - OCD only responds to those drugs that affect serotonin; this suggests that OCD is related to low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. - Drugs which increase the amount of serotonin known as ‘SSRIs’ reduce OCD symptoms, therefore providing support for the theory that low levels of serotonin may be responsible for OCD. Cognitive vulnerability to anxiety (Williams et al 1997). For example a person might show hypervigilance when entering a new environment: 1. They may use rapid eye movements to scan the environment 2. They may attend selectively to threat related stimuli rather than neutral stimuli

Memory Game: Reflection Answer the following question based on your learning from the memory game. January 2009 (c) (i) Briefly outline a cognitive explanation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2 marks)

Briefly outline a cognitive explanation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. (2 marks) [AO1 = 2] AO1 – Up to 2 marks for description of a cognitive explanation. Possible answers: A cognitive explanation suggests that people with OCD have a cognitive bias so they could have a poor memory for their actions/may be hypersensitive to environmental stimuli.

Learning Objectives ALL will understand the definition of OCD MOST will be able to explain explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) SOME will explain and evaluate explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) PROGRESS CHECK

Evaluation of the Explanations Possible essay questions you can be asked on the explanations: ‘Describe and evaluate two explanations of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder’ (10 marks) (you have a model answer for this one) ‘Describe and evaluate the cognitive explanation for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (10 marks) ‘Describe and evaluate the biological explanation of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (10 marks) Remember you have lots of A02 points in terms of comparison as well as the general evaluation points we have covered in class!

Evaluation of the Explanations: essay planning Each of you has the A01 component to each one of these essays, all you are doing is deciding what the relevant A02 points are You should aim to do at least one of these plans, the rest are for you to complete at home as part of your revision

Plenary: what is the key aspect you will remember from this lesson? Learning Objectives ALL will understand the definition of OCD MOST will be able to explain explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) SOME will explain and evaluate explanations of OCD (cognitive and biological) Plenary: what is the key aspect you will remember from this lesson?