Reform and a New American Culture U.S. History Chapter 15
The Reforming Spirit Social reform is an organized attempt to improve what is unjust or imperfect in society
Second Great Awakening The religious movement that stressed free will rather than predestination
Second Great Awakening Individuals could choose to save their souls by their own actions Revivals: huge outdoor meetings
Hospital Reform Dorothea Dix found people with mental illness were jailed as criminals Dix persuaded legislators to treat insanity as illness instead of a crime
Prison Reform Dix also found overcrowding in prisons and prisoners serving lengthy sentences for minor crimes Debtors: people who cannot pay the money they owe
Temperance Movement Campaign against alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse was seen as most serious social problem, leading to child abuse and the break up of families
Temperance Movement Maine Laws banned the sale of alcohol Carrie Nation
Improving Education 1814: New York passed law requiring tax-supported school districts By 1850, public elementary schools were built in most northern states
Improving Education Thomas Galludet helped improve education for people with disabilities Opened a school for the deaf
Abolitionist Movement Campaign to end slavery Religious beliefs led some Americans to oppose slavery
Abolitionist Movement Abolitionists wanted to end slavery completely in the U.S.
Colonization Movement American Colonization Society proposed to end slavery by setting up an independent colony in Africa for freed slaves.
Opposition to Abolition In both North and South, some people saw abolition as a threat to their economic livelihood Southern economy was dependent on cotton plantations
Underground Railroad Network of black and white abolitionists who secretly helped slaves escape to freedom in the North or Canada
Underground Railroad Runaway slaves could be returned to their owners if they stayed in northern states Free States vs. Slave States: Iowa was free state farthest west
Seeking Equal Rights Involvement in the abolitionist movement caused many women to join struggle for women’s rights
Seeking Equal Rights Women had few rights in mid-1800s A working woman’s wages belonged to her husband
Seneca Falls Convention Delegates passed resolutions demanding equality for women “all men and women are created equal”
Seneca Falls Convention Education was key to equality; women could now study math and medicine Resolutions to educate the whole society
New Careers Women found jobs in careers reserved previously for men Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to earn a medical degree and become a licensed doctor
Art Before 1800, European painting traditions influenced the American painting styles Mid-1800s, American artists began developing their own styles
Art Hudson River School in New York produced artists who painted scenes of American life and landscapes
Literature Democracy was a common theme in the poetry of Walt Whitman Henry David Thoreau wrote about nature and simple living: Walden
Literature Transcendentalists believed the most important truths in life transcended, or went beyond, human reason. Individualism or “inner light” to guide lives and improve society – Ralph Waldo Emerson
Literature “If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music he hears.” Thoreau in Walden
Literature: Novels The Legend of Sleepy Hollow: Washington Irving The Last of the Mohicans: James Fenimore Cooper Moby Dick: Herman Melville
Literature: New Authors Women and African American writers Hardships faced by slaves, widows, orphans William Wells, Clotel
Lessons for Modern Times Martin Luther King was influenced by Thoreau’s idea of civil disobedience People have right to disobey unjust laws if their consciences demand it
Review Question What was the religious movement that stressed free will rather than predestination? Seneca Falls Convention Hudson River School Second Great Awakening
Review Question What was the religious movement that stressed free will rather than predestination? Seneca Falls Convention Hudson River School Second Great Awakening
Review Question What was the campaign to end slavery called? Abolitionist movement Social reform Women’s right movement
Review Question What was the campaign to end slavery called? Abolitionist movement Social reform Women’s right movement
Review Question What was the gathering at which delegates passed resolutions demanding equality for women? Hudson River School Seneca Falls Convention Temperance Movement
Review Question What was the gathering at which delegates passed resolutions demanding equality for women? Hudson River School Seneca Falls Convention Temperance Movement
Review Question What is the organized attempt to improve what is unjust in society called? Temperance Movement Underground Railroad Social Reform
Review Question What is the organized attempt to improve what is unjust in society called? Temperance Movement Underground Railroad Social Reform
Review Question Why did the Underground Railroad routes lead through northern states and into Canada? Escaped slaves found little support in northern states Runaway slaves could be returned to their owners if they stayed in northern states British ships would help African Americans return to Africa
Review Question Why did the Underground Railroad routes lead through northern states and into Canada? Escaped slaves found little support in northern states Runaway slaves could be returned to their owners if they stayed in northern states British ships would help African Americans return to Africa
Review Question What was the campaign against alcohol abuse? Abolitionist movement Temperance movement Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Review Question What was the campaign against alcohol abuse? Abolitionist movement Temperance movement Mothers Against Drunk Driving
Review Question Which BEST summarizes the proposal of the American Colonization Society? Freed slaves should be resettled in northern states Freed slaves should be given their own territory in the US Freed slaves should be allowed to return to Africa
Review Question Which BEST summarizes the proposal of the American Colonization Society? Freed slaves should be resettled in northern states Freed slaves should be given their own territory in the US Freed slaves should be allowed to return to Africa
Review Question Which was NOT a new educational opportunity for women in the mid-1800s? Studying math Studying drawing Studying medicine
Review Question Which was NOT a new educational opportunity for women in the mid-1800s? Studying math Studying drawing Studying medicine
Review Question How did the Second Great Awakening encourage the spread of social reform? Its stress on self-improvement led to wish to improve the whole society. Its stress on acceptance of differences led to growth of new religions. Its doctrine taught people to rely on society to solve their problems.
Review Question How did the Second Great Awakening encourage the spread of social reform? Its stress on self-improvement led to wish to improve the whole society. Its stress on acceptance of differences led to growth of new religions. Its doctrine taught people to rely on society to solve their problems.
Review Question Which of the following was an accomplishment of educational reformers in the 1800s? Public elementary schools were built in most northern states Public high schools were built in most northern states Colleges were created for people with disabilities
Review Question Which of the following was an accomplishment of educational reformers in the 1800s? Public elementary schools were built in most northern states Public high schools were built in most northern states Colleges were created for people with disabilities
Review Question Which of the following was a result of Dorothea Dix’s efforts at social reform? Mental illness was treated as a minor crime Children were released from prison Insanity was treated as an illness, not a crime
Review Question Which of the following was a result of Dorothea Dix’s efforts at social reform? Mental illness was treated as a minor crime Children were released from prison Insanity was treated as an illness, not a crime
Review Question Which of the following does NOT belong among the abuses Dorothea Dix found in prisons? Use of debtors as slave laborers Overcrowding of prisoners Lengthy sentences for minor crimes
Review Question Which of the following does NOT belong among the abuses Dorothea Dix found in prisons? Use of debtors as slave laborers Overcrowding of prisoners Lengthy sentences for minor crimes
Review Question What did temperance groups view as the most serious social problem of the 1800s? Shortage of mental hospitals Alcohol abuse Overcrowded schools
Review Question What did temperance groups view as the most serious social problem of the 1800s? Shortage of mental hospitals Alcohol abuse Overcrowded schools
Review Question Why did southerners who owned no slaves defend slavery? They feared job competition from freed slaves The southern economy had become dependent on cotton plantations They believed women would also want more rights
Review Question Why did southerners who owned no slaves defend slavery? They feared job competition from freed slaves The southern economy had become dependent on cotton plantations They believed women would also want more rights
Review Question Which statement best describes the beginning of the abolitionist movement? Religious beliefs led some Americans to oppose slavery Douglass, an escaped slave, published an antislavery newspaper Some free African Americans moved to Liberia
Review Question Which statement best describes the beginning of the abolitionist movement? Religious beliefs led some Americans to oppose slavery Douglass, an escaped slave, published an antislavery newspaper Some free African Americans moved to Liberia
Review Question Which group benefitted MOST from Thomas Gallaudet’s reform efforts? The mentally ill People with disabilities Free African Americans
Review Question Which group benefitted MOST from Thomas Gallaudet’s reform efforts? The mentally ill People with disabilities Free African Americans
Review Question Which of the following themes was common in the poetry of Walt Whitman? Democracy Predestination Prison reform
Review Question Which of the following themes was common in the poetry of Walt Whitman? Democracy Predestination Prison reform
Review Question Henry David Thoreau is best known for what literary work? Leaves of Grass Walden Moby Dick
Review Question Henry David Thoreau is best known for what literary work? Leaves of Grass Walden Moby Dick
Review Question “Let (each person) step to the music he hears.” This quote expresses the belief of which literary group? Hudson River School Transcendentalists Puritans
Review Question “Let (each person) step to the music he hears.” This quote expresses the belief of which literary group? Hudson River School Transcendentalists Puritans
Review Question What was a central influence on the styles of American painters before 1800? Frontier life Growth of the city European painting traditions
Review Question What was a central influence on the styles of American painters before 1800? Frontier life Growth of the city European painting traditions
Review Question Which of the following was NOT a favorite subject of American artists in the mid-1800s? City of London Rocky Mountains New York State
Review Question Which of the following was NOT a favorite subject of American artists in the mid-1800s? City of London Rocky Mountains New York State
Review Question Who wanted to ship free slaves back to Africa as a means to end slavery? Members of the Quaker religion Followers of Charles Grandison Finney Members of the American Colonization Society
Review Question Who wanted to ship free slaves back to Africa as a means to end slavery? Members of the Quaker religion Followers of Charles Grandison Finney Members of the American Colonization Society
Review Question What directly led to 8 states passing “Maine Laws” after 1851? The temperance movement The Second Great Awakening The growth of public schools
Review Question What directly led to 8 states passing “Maine Laws” after 1851? The temperance movement The Second Great Awakening The growth of public schools
Review Question Who is the author known for writing “The Last of the Mohicans”? Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper Emily Dickinson
Review Question Who is the author known for writing “The Last of the Mohicans”? Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper Emily Dickinson
Review Question Elizabeth Blackwell is best known for her pioneering achievements for Becoming a licensed doctor Opening a high school for girls Speaking against slavery
Review Question Elizabeth Blackwell is best known for her pioneering achievements for Becoming a licensed doctor Opening a high school for girls Speaking against slavery
Review Question Which experience caused many women to join the struggle for women’s rights? Belief in predestination Enrollment in the Hudson River School Involvement in the abolitionist movement
Review Question Which experience caused many women to join the struggle for women’s rights? Belief in predestination Enrollment in the Hudson River School Involvement in the abolitionist movement
Review Question Which of the following statements BEST reflects a key belief of the Second Great Awakening? “Individuals must obey their religious leaders.” “I cannot control my destiny; it has been decided in advance.” “I can save my own soul, and my good works will improve the world.”
Review Question Which of the following statements BEST reflects a key belief of the Second Great Awakening? “Individuals must obey their religious leaders.” “I cannot control my destiny; it has been decided in advance.” “I can save my own soul, and my good works will improve the world.”