Anxiety Disorders Panic attacks Phobias Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objectives Break anxiety disorders into 3 categories Describe panic disorders Analyze fears and phobias Synthesize obsessions and compulsions

Anxiety and Panic Generalized anxiety disorder is a continuous (majority of days- six month period) state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension Some have G.A.D. Without having specific anxiety producing event

Generalized anxiety disorder Continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension chapter 11

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life-threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal

Posttraumatic stress disorder An anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life- threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving the trauma, and increased physiological arousal Diagnosed only if symptoms persist for six months or longer May immediately follow event or occur later chapter 11

PTSD Factors 60% of American's surveyed- traumatic experience- 8% of men, 20% women develop PTSD Huge genetic predisposition- Behavioral genetic studies of twins in general population and combat veterans Prior family history of psychological problems, traumatic experiences with poor emotional adjustment PTSD sufferers- hippocampus is apt to be smaller than average

Panic Disorder Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness

Panic disorder An anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks Panic attack: a feeling of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid breathing and dizziness chapter 11

Panic Disorder Few minutes, more rarely hour Chest pain, similar to heart attack Usually occur after stress, prolonged emotion, specific worries, or frightening experiences Throughout the world but culture a factor Chocking, smothered= Latin America Public places- Europe, America Greenland- dizziness during kayak fishing

Fears and Phobias A phobia is an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object Bugs, snakes, dogs, heights, the # 13, vaguely afraid or can’t be in same room

Fears and phobias Phobia An exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object chapter 11

How get phobias? Classical conditioning- fear of cats, scratched by cat Observational learning- watching freighting event happen Personality factors, cultural Social phobia- anxious when observed by others- eating in restaurant, speaking to crowd, perform in font of others

Phobias continued Agoraphobia is a set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person Agora – Greek open market Specific fears, parties, driving in traffic, movie theater Typically begins with panic attack seems to have no cause Then avoid that situation

Agoraphobia A set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person. chapter 11

Obsessions and compulsions Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety

Obsessive-compulsive disorder An anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety Person understands that the ritual behavior is senseless but guilt mounts if the behavior is not performed. chapter 11

OCD factors Uncontrollable and interfere everyday life People may feel frightened or repugnant: F.E. Thoughts of killing a child, contaminated by a handshake Feel have no control over them: most common counting, touching, checking, hand washing Prefrontal cortex is depleted of serotonin= cognitive rigidity- can’t let go of certain thoughts Not a single unified disorder= subtype hoarders

Science of OCD Prefrontal cortex is depleted of serotonin= cognitive rigidity- can’t let go of certain thoughts Not a single unified disorder= subtype- hoarders PET scan shows obsessive hoarders have less activity in parts of brain that make decisions

Your turn If you have the persistent thought that gremlins are sabotaging any airplane you are on or will be on, then you have a _____. If you cannot stop asking for more water during flights, then you have a _____. 1. Obsession; compulsion 2. Compulsion; obsession 3. Phobia; obsession 4. Plane ticket; pet camel chapter 11

Your turn If you have the persistent thought that gremlins are sabotaging any airplane you are on or will be on, then you have a _____. If you cannot stop asking for more water during flights, then you have a _____. 1. Obsession; compulsion 2. Compulsion; obsession 3. Phobia; obsession 4. Plane ticket; pet camel chapter 11

Summary Panic attacks Phobias OCD