Ozone The good, the bad, and the ugly To download: Shift Left Click PowerPoint 97 PowerPoint 97 Please respect copyright on this material

Reaction Topic F Since harmful UV radiation just causes a sunburn that can be prevented through the use of sunscreen lotions and clothing, what is the great concern about the ozone hole over Antarctica?

Key Points F The Good: Stratospheric Ozone – Protects cells against Ultra Violet radiation – Control measures on CFC’s in place – Antarctic Ozone Hole with us for 50 years – Risk spring-time losses in NH mid latitude – Do not confuse with global warming! F The Bad: Ozone near Earth Surface F The Ugly: Ozone in Upper Troposphere

Stratospheric Ozone F From Space Shuttle

Ozone Chemistry schematic F Ozone: O sunlight + water chlorine nitrogen F Air: 20% 0 2

Total Ozone above Halley Bay, Antarctica F The Ozone Hole Tour The Ozone Hole Tour The Ozone Hole Tour

The Antarctic Ozone Hole F SH spring (Oct) since ~ 1980 F Due to chlorine from CFCs + meteorology F 1998 deepest ever F Montreal protocol controls F Troposphere CFCs beginning to decrease F Centre for Atmospheric Science - University of Cambridge Centre for Atmospheric Science - University of Cambridge Centre for Atmospheric Science - University of Cambridge

The 1998 Ozone Hole F Click here for Animation Click here for Animation Click here for Animation

NH Ozone F Arctic meteorology less extreme F Pinatubo caused substantial springtime hole including Wisconsin F More CO 2 increases risk F Montreal protocol working but need to watch for several decades

Effects of UV radiation F Human health – increased melanoma (skin cancer) – avoid with clothing, sunscreen F Plant, plankton ecosystems – loss of productivity in Antarctic hole recently documented – long term implications still not known

Skin Cancer F 700,000 cases / year in U.S. – 90% due to UV radiation – reduce risk with sunscreen and clothing F Melanoma least common but most serious F Curable if early detection and treatment Basal Cell Squamous CellMelanoma

Damage from UV Radiation ? F Antarctic penguins

Key Points F The Good: Stratospheric Ozone F The Bad: Ozone near Earth Surface – Oxidizes (burns) plants and lungs – NO x and Hydrocarbon emission controls ineffective – Widespread violations of EPA standards F The Ugly: Ozone in Upper Troposphere

Surface Ozone F Effects on UV radiation small F Toxic from direct contact – respiratory problems – plants killed F Sunlight + NO x + hydrocarbons -> ozone F Ozone alerts: urban regions in summer where industry + automobiles or trees F In WI, mostly Milwaukee, Kenosha,..., shared with Chicago, Gary,...

Key Points F The Good: Stratospheric Ozone F The Bad: Ozone near Earth Surface F The Ugly: Ozone in Upper Troposphere – An increasing greenhouse gas

Ozone as Greenhouse Gas F Increasing with regional industry F Also from agricultural fires

Key Points F The Good: Stratospheric Ozone – Protects cells against Ultra Violet radiation – Control measures on CFC’s in place – Antarctic Ozone Hole with us for 50 years – Risk spring-time losses in NH mid latitude F The Bad: Ozone near Earth Surface – Oxidizes (burns) plants and lungs – NO x and Hydrocarbon emission controls ineffective – Widespread violations of EPA standards F The Ugly: Ozone in Upper Troposphere – An increasing greenhouse gas

Sources of Information F Horel and Geisler Chapter 9 F National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration F U.S. Forest Service F Schering Corporation Schering Corporation Schering Corporation F Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Cambridge