DNA Study Guide

Question 1 The cells that make up the skin of an individual have some functions different from the cells that make up the liver because a. all cells have a common ancestor. b. different cells have different genetic material. c. environment and past history have no influence on cell function. d. different parts of genetic instructions are used in different types of cells.

Question 1 Notes All of your cells have the same DNA Not all genes are expressed in every cell

Question 2 Fruit flies with the curly-wing trait will develop straight wings if kept at a temperature of 16°C during development and curly wings if kept at 25°C. The best explanation for this change in the shape of wings is that the a. genes for curly wings and genes for straight wings are found on different chromosomes. b. type of genes present in the fruit fly is dependent upon environmental temperature. c. environment affects the expression of the genes for this trait. d. higher temperature produces a gene mutation.

Question 2 Notes The environment can influence how genes are expressed

Question 3 Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an abnormal sequence of a. ATP molecules. b. amino acids. c. sugars. d. bases.

Question 3 Notes All proteins, traits, genes, etc. can be traced back to the order of bases in DNA

Question 4 Klinefelter’s syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in the body cells of humans. This extra chromosome occurs in the gamete as a result of a. an error in the process of cloning. b. an error in meiotic cell division. c. a gene mutation. d. replication of a single chromosome during mitosis.

Question 4 Notes When chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, this is called nondisjunction. It can cause genetic disorders such as Klinefelter’s, Turner’s, and Down syndrome.

Question 5 Which amino acid chain would be produced by the DNA base sequence below? C-A-G-G-T-C-A-A-G-T-T-G-T-T-A-T-G-A a. Val – Glu – Phe – Asp – Thr – Asp b. Val – Pro – Phe – Asp – Asp – Thr c. Val – Glu – Phe – Asp – Asp – Thr d. Val – Glu – Phe – Thr – Asp – Asp

Question 5 Notes DNA and RNA both have to be read in 3 letter “words” called codons. These codons match up with amino acids to form proteins.

Complete the rest of the study guide and check your answers.