Slide 1 Tomorrow's Technology & You © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 2 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Graphics, Digital Media, and Multimedia © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 3 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Objectives Compare and contrast several types of computer graphics programs used by artists, photographers, designers, and others Explain how computers are changing the way professionals and amateurs work with video, animation, audio, and music Describe several ways that computers are used to create multimedia materials in the arts, entertainment, education, and business © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 4 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 1 Objectives (continued) Explain the relationship between hypermedia and multimedia, describing applications of each Describe several present and future applications for multimedia technology © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 5 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 1 Tim Berners-Lee Weaves the Web for Everybody Born in London in 1955 Wanted to create an open-ended distributed hypertext system with no boundaries, so scientists everywhere could link their work together Invented the World Wide Web and gave it to all Now works at MIT  Heads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 6 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Painting: Bitmapped Graphics Painting software:  Paints pixels on the screen with a pointing device  Pointer movements are translated into lines and patterns on the screen  Stores an image at 300 dots per inch or higher © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 7 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Pixels: tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up images on the screen The palette of tools mimics real-world painting tools  Also contains other tools that are unique to computers Bitmapped graphics (or raster graphics): pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen Color depth: the number of bits devoted to each pixel Resolution: the density of the pixels © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 8 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Image Processing: Photographic Editing by Computer Allows the user to manipulate photographs and other high- resolution images with tools such as Adobe Photoshop Far more powerful than traditional photo-retouching techniques  Can distort and combine photos as demonstrated in the tabloids  Can create fabricated images that show no evidence of tampering © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 9 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Digital photo management software programs such as Apple iPhoto and Microsoft PictureIt! simplify and automate common tasks associated with capturing, organizing, editing, and sharing digital images © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Take an image Combine it with other objectsMake a statement

Slide 10 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Drawing: Object-Oriented Graphics Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes (called object-oriented or vector graphics) Memory demands on storage are not as high as for bit- mapped images Many drawing tools–line, shape, and text tools–are similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 11 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics PostScript: a standard page-description language for describing text fonts, illustrations, and other elements of the printed page  Used by professional drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand  Built into many laser printers and other high-end output devices so those devices can understand and follow PostScript instructions  PostScript-based drawing software constructs a PostScript program as the user draws © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 12 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Bit-mapped painting (pixels) gives you these advantages:  More control over textures, shading and fine detail  Appropriate for screen displays, simulating natural paint media and embellishing photographs © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 13 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Object-oriented drawing gives you these advantages:  Better for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations  Lines are cleaner and shapes are smoother © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 14 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Some integrated programs contain both drawing and painting modules  Allows you to choose the right tool for each job Some programs merge features of both in a single application  Blurring the distinction between types  Offers new possibilities for amateur and professional illustrators © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 15 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Rules of Thumb: Creating Smart Art Reprogram yourself... relax Choose the right tool for the job Borrow from the best Don’t borrow without permission Protect your own work  U.S. Copyright Office Web Site: © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 16 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics 3-D Modeling Software Used to create three-dimensional objects with tools similar to those in drawing software Goal for some applications: to create an animated presentation on a computer screen or videotape Flexible: can create a 3-D model, rotate it, view it from different angles Can “walk-through” a 3-D environment that exists only in the computer’s memory © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 17 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Images in wireframe view; those on the right are fully rendered to add surface textures

Slide 18 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into Products Computer Aided Design (CAD) software:  Allows engineers, designers, and architects to create designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public buildings  Can test product prototypes  Cheaper, faster, and more accurate than traditional design-by-hand techniques © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 19 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the process by which data related to the product design are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) refers to the combination of CAD/CAM and is a major step toward a fully automated factory © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 20 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics Presentation Graphics: Bringing Lectures to Life Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, sales demonstrations, and other presentations Create slide shows directly on computer monitors or LCD projectors, including still images, animation, and video clips © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 21 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. You start by creating an outline of the main points of your talk, arranging headings and points in the appropriate order

Slide 22 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. You can design the background, borders, and text format yourself, or select a professionally designed template from the collection that comes with PowerPoint The program places your text on this template for each slide in the presentation

Slide 23 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. You can print overhead transparencies or have slides made, but since there is a big screen computer system in the lecture room, you opt to create an interactive slideshow with animated visual transitions between slides

Slide 24 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Focus on Computer Graphics © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Microsoft Producer lets you combine a presentation with a video of the speaker and a table of contents

Slide 25 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Rules of Thumb: Making Powerful Presentations © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Remember your goal Remember your audience Outline your ideas Be stingy with words Keep it simple Use a consistent design Be smart with art Keep each slide focused Tell them what you’re going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them

Slide 26 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Modern media contains dynamic information, which is information that changes over time or in response to user input  Animation  Desktop Video  Audio  Hypertext and hypermedia © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. We’re on the threshold of a moment in cinematic history that is unparalleled. Anything you can imagine can be done. If you can draw it, if you can describe it, we can do it. It’s just a matter of cost. —James Cameron, filmmaker

Slide 27 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Animation: Graphics in Time Each frame of computer-based animation is a computer-drawn picture; the computer displays these frames in rapid succession Tweening: Instead of drawing each frame by hand, the animator can create key frames and objects and use software to help fill in the gaps © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 28 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Desktop Video: Computers, Film, and TV Analog and Digital Video  A video digitizer can convert analog video signals from a television broadcast or videotape into digital data © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 29 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page  Many video digitizers can import signals from televisions, videotapes, video cameras, and other sources  Signals displayed on the computer’s screen in real time—at the same time they’re created or imported  Digital video cameras capture footage in digital form  Digital video can be copied, edited, stored, and played back without any loss of quality  Digital video will soon replace analog video for most applications © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 30 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Video Production Goes Digital Today most video editing is done using nonlinear editing technology Video editing software, such as Adobe Premiere, makes it easy to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and other activities Morphs are video clips in which one image metamorphoses into another Data compression software and hardware are used to squeeze data out of movies so that they can be stored in smaller spaces © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 31 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Many Web sites deliver streaming video content to viewers with fast broadband Internet connections

Slide 32 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page The Synthetic Musician: Computers and Audio Audio digitizer – captures sound and stores it as a data file Synthesizer – an electronic instrument that synthesizes sounds using mathematical formulas MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) – standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 33 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. The iTunes Music Store helps Mac and Windows users purchase music by their favorite artists in protected digital format Music is digitized on audio CDs at a high sampling rate and bit depth—high enough that it’s hard to tell the difference between the original analog sound and the final digital recording

Slide 34 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Rule of Thumb: Digital Audio Dos and Don’ts Don’t steal Understand streaming and downloading Know your file formats Don’t over-compress © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 35 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. FormatDownloadableStreamableTypically used for... MP3Yes Ripping (copying) CDs to the computer and to portable audio players WMAYes Ripping CDs to the computer and for purchased music from online music stores AACYes Purchased music from online music stores RealAudioYes Audio streams from commercial Web sites like CNN MIDIYes Contains no audio—just sequences of commands to control musical instruments and music samples on a PC Popular Digital Audio Formats

Slide 36 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Samplers, Synthesizers, and Sequencers: Digital Audio and MIDI Multimedia computers can control a variety of electronic musical instruments and sound sources using MIDI MIDI commands can be interpreted by a variety of:  Music synthesizers  Samplers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 37 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page A piano-style keyboard sends MIDI signals to the computer  Computer interprets the MIDI commands using sequencing software Sequencing software turns a computer into a musical composing, recording, and editing machine Electronica—music designed from the ground up with digital technology  Some of the most interesting sequenced music © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 38 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. A growing number of musicians depend on sequencers to play along with live musicians in performances Abelon’s Live is a sequencer with special features for bridging the communication gap between human players and computer in concert

Slide 39 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Hypertext and Hypermedia Hypertext refers to information linked in non-sequential ways Hypermedia combines text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music, and other media in hyperlinked documents  Useful for on-line help files  Lets the user jump between documents all over the Internet © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 40 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page  Hypermedia documents can be disorienting and leave readers wondering what they’ve missed Documents don’t always have the links readers want Authors can’t build every possible connection into documents Some readers get frustrated because they can’t easily get “here” from “there” © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 41 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Documents sometimes contain “lost” links,  Especially on the Web, where even a popular page can disappear  Documents don’t encourage scribbled margin notes, highlighting, or turned page corners for marking key passages Hardware can be hard on humans The art of hypermedia is still in its infancy © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 42 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind Interactive Multimedia: What Is It? A combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects that allows the user to take an active part in the experience Requirements: high-quality color monitors, fast processors, large memory, CD-ROM drives, speakers, and sound cards © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 43 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind Multimedia Authoring: Making Mixed Media Uses authoring programs such as HyperStudio and MetaCard Binds source documents together to communicate with users in an aesthetically pleasing way © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 44 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Multimedia authoring involves programming objects on the screen to react, or behave, in particular ways under particular circumstances Macromedia Director MX, one of the most popular of such packages, includes pre-written behaviors that can be attached to on-screen buttons, images, and other objects

Slide 45 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind Rules of Thumb: Making Interactive Multimedia Work Be consistent in visual appearance Use graphical metaphors to guide viewers Keep the screen clean and uncluttered Include multimedia elements to enliven the presentation Focus on the message Give the user control Test your presentation with those unfamiliar with the subject © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 46 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind Inventing the Future: Shared Virtual Spaces Virtual reality combines virtual worlds with networking  Places multiple participants in a virtual space  People see representations of each other, sometimes called avatars  Most avatars today are cartoonish, but they convey a sense of presence and emotion © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 47 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind Tele-immersion:  Uses multiple cameras and high-speed networks to create a videoconferencing environment in which multiple remote users can interact with each other and with computer-generated objects  Combines the display and interaction techniques of virtual reality with new vision technologies that allow participants to move around in shared virtual spaces, all the while maintaining their unique points of view Augmented reality (AR):  The use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person’s sensory perceptions © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 48 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Lesson Summary Computer graphics today encompass more than quantitative charts and graphs generated by spreadsheets Computers today aren’t limited to working with static images; they’re widely used to create and edit documents in media that change over time or in response to user interaction The interactive nature of the personal computer makes it possible to create nonlinear documents that enable users to take individual paths through information © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Slide 49 Tomorrow's Technology & You Chapter 6 Lesson Summary (continued) Today we can create or explore hypermedia documents— interactive documents that mix text, graphics, sounds, and moving images with onscreen navigation buttons—on disk and on the World Wide Web Multimedia computer systems make a new kind of software possible—software that uses text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects to communicate Regardless of the hardware, interactive multimedia software enables the user to control the presentation rather than just watch or listen passively © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.