Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Chapter 1 Objectives to be Assessed 1. Define anatomy and physiology and explain how they are related. 2. List and describe the major characteristics of life. 3. List and describe the major requirements of organisms. 4. Define homeostasis and explain its importance in survival. 5. Describe a homeostatic mechanism. 6. List the levels of organization in the human body

Chapter 1 Objectives to be Assessed 7. Identify the locations of the major body cavities. 8. List the organs located in each major body cavity. 9. Name and identify the locations of the membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. 10. Name the major organ systems and list the organs associated with each. 11. Describe the general function of each organ system. 12. Properly use the terms that describe relative positions, body sections, and body regions.

Aids to Understanding Words append- cardi- homeo- -logy- meta- peri- -stasis- -tomy-

Definitions Anatomy- Physiology-

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Atoms Smooth muscle tissue Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Blood vessel (organ) Cardio- vascular system Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Organism level Human organisms are made up of many organ systems Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules

Organ System Overview Integumentary -

Organ System Overview Skeletal -

Organ System Overview Muscular -

Organ System Overview Nervous -

Organ System Overview Endocrine -

Organ System Overview Cardiovascular -

Organ System Overview Lymphatic -

Organ System Overview Respiratory -

Organ System Overview Digestive -

Organ System Overview Urinary -

Organ System Overview Reproductive -

Necessary Life Functions Movement - Responsiveness Digestion

Necessary Life Functions Metabolism- chemical reactions within the body - Excretion

Necessary Life Functions Reproduction - Growth

Survival Needs Nutrients Oxygen - Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals Oxygen

Survival Needs Water - Stable body temperature Atmospheric pressure

Interactions Among Body Systems

Homeostasis Homeostasis- A dynamic state of equilibrium Homeostasis is necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life Homeostatic imbalance -

Maintaining Homeostasis The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems Receptor -

Maintaining Homeostasis Control center - Effector

Feedback mechanisms Negative feedback Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms -

Feedback Mechanisms Positive feedback -

Anatomy Language Specific terms are used to avoid misunderstandings Exact terms are used for: Positions Directions Regions Structures

Regional Terms Anterior body landmarks (See page 16 and 17)

Regional Terms Posterior body landmarks (See page 16 and 17)

Directional Terms (See page 15)

Directional Terms (See page 15)

Directional Terms (See page 15)

Body Planes and Sections A ________section divides the body (or organ) into left and right parts A ______, or _________, section divides the body (or organ) into equal left and right parts A ______ section divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts A ________, or cross, section divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

Body Planes and Sections (See page 16 and 17)

Body Cavities Dorsal Cavity Ventral Cavity ________ cavity houses the brain ________ cavity houses the spinal cord Ventral Cavity ______ cavity houses the heart, lungs, and others __________ cavity houses digestive and urniary system organs

Body Cavities (See page 20)

Abdominopelvic Quadrants (See page 20)

Abdominopelvic Regions (See page 21)

Major Abdominopelvic Organs (See page 21)