Statistical Sources Bratislava, 8-10 May 2003 Angela Me Statistical Division UNECE

NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Methods of data collection Census Surveys Specialized survey On-going survey Administrative records/registers

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Advantages and Disadvantages of Census Advantages It provides data for small areas Data are not affected by sampling errors It provides a framework for the selection of household samples Disadvantages It includes a limited number of topics It can provide an in depth analysis of certain topics such as employment and literacy It is usually carried out every 10 years Only a short set of characteristics for persons living in institutions are collected

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Censuses in the region Albania April 2002 Bosnia Herzegovina March 2001 Bulgaria 1 March 2001 Croatia 31 march 2002 Kosovo 2005 (?) Romania March 2002 Serbia and Montenegro 31 March 2002 Slovakia 31 March 2001 FYROM November 2002 Turkey October 2000

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Censuses in the region Armenia October 2001 Azerbaijan 27 January 1999 Belarus 16 February 1999 Georgia 17 January 2002 Kazakhstan 26 February 1999 Kyrgyzstan 24 March 1999 Republic of Moldova ?? Russian Federation October 2001 Tajikistan 20 January 2000 Turkmenistan January 2004 (previous: 1995) Ukraine 5 December 2001 Uzbekistan ???

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 What does a census usually cover? * =MDG Education Literacy * School attendance/enrollment * Level of education (educational attainment) Field of education Economic characteristics Activity rates Employment rate Unemployment rate * Employment by status, occupation and industry

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 What does a census usually cover? * =MDG Migration Internal Population by duration of residence in locality Population by place of previous residence in the country International (immigrants) Foreign born population Population by country of previous residence Population by citizenship Fertility and Mortality Fertility rates Infant mortality rate * Recent mortality

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 What does a census usually cover? * =MDG Living Condition Type of living quarter and building Ownership * (proxy for slums) Number of rooms/floor space Water supply system * Toilet and sewerage facilities * Bathing facilities Heating system Lighting Solid waste disposal (Computer/Internet connection) * (Telephone) *

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 What does a census cover? Cross-cutting Sex Age Ethnicity Urban/Rural Marital status Household composition

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Advantages and Disadvantages of Surveys Advantages They can cover a large set of topics They can cover topics in depth They can be carried out more often Disadvantages They do not provide data for small areas They do not measure rare events (unless there are very large samples) The data are affected by sample errors (which get bigger when cross classifications are used) Often persons living in institutions are not covered

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Examples of surveys National Labour Force Surveys Income and Expenditure Surveys Health Surveys Surveys on living conditions Business Surveys International The World Bank: Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) Demographic and Health Survey (DHS): UNICEF: Multi Cluster Indicator Survey (MICS) WHO: World Health Survey (WHS) OECD: International Adult Literacy Survey UNICRI: Crime Victim Survey UNECE: Gender and Generation Programme Survey

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative sources/Registers Advantages Once in place they can provide data with minimum efforts do not need extra efforts They can cover a large set of topics They can cover topics in depth They can be carried out more frequently Disadvantages They have been developed for administrative purposes and may not completely match the statistical purposes If not well maintained, they provided biased information (ex: public services may be covered better then private services)

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 What can registers cover? * =MDG Fertility Mortality Infant mortality * Child mortality * Maternal mortality * Health Immunization * HIV prevalence among pregnant women * Death rates by cause (tuberculosis) * Education enrollment * Unemployment *

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 How to deal with different sources? The same indicator can be produced by different sources but the quality of the data varies Different sources may produce different data

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Two examples Estonia Activity rate census: 56,4 labour force survey: 58.7 Slovenia Unemployment rate census (2002): 13,8 labour force survey (2001): 5,92

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 How to deal with different sources? Surveys versus census: Surveys produce better data for topics such as employment and literacy Census versus surveys: Census gives better results for small areas and detailed classifications

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 How to deal with different sources? Registers versus surveys and census: If completed, registers produce better data Census versus registers: Where registers are not well maintained, estimates on fertility and mortality from census are of better quality

Statistical Division UNECE NHDR Training Bratislava, May 2003 Conclusions  Analyze the different sources and select which source is the most appropriate for each indicator (one source may be good for one indicator and not good for another one)  Make sure that sources are used in a consistent way when trends are presented  When in doubt, present the data for all the available sources  In comparing census and survey data, consider that survey data range within a margin of error