Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics Statistics Canada Tina Chui Calgary & Edmonton, Alberta December 10 & 11, 2003

Increasing focus on immigration & cultural diversity n Increasingly important component of total population growth as well as labour force growth n Continuing cultural diversity, particularly in large urban areas n Economic situation of recent immigrants

Key Immigration & Ethno-cultural Data Sources n Census of Population n Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) –The Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) & IMDB n Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) n Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) n Other household surveys

Census of Population

n Long history of questions on: place of birth citizenship year of immigration n In 2001, questions added on birthplace of parents, religion and language of work

Census of Population n Ethno-cultural characteristics (ethnic origin, visible minority status, languages, etc.) n Education n Labour force activity n Occupation n Income

What Census Data Tell Us n Size & origins of the immigrant population, children of immigrants, ethnic groups, etc. n Settlement & mobility patterns of immigrants and ethnic groups over time n Labour market experience of immigrants, adult children of immigrants, visible minorities, ethnic groups

Data Availability: 2001 Census n Census Analysis Series Thematic maps Multimedia presentation: 100 years of immigration Highlight tables, Canadian Overview Tables, etc. Community Profiles n Profiles of immigrant groups, ethnic origins, visible minority groups and religions n Core tables for the Metropolis Project

Advantages of Using Census Data n More than 100 years of historical data n Detailed information on birthplaces, ethnic origins, visible minority groups, languages, etc. n Data available for small geographic areas n Wide range of socio-cultural and economic variables can be used in analysis

Limitations of Census Data n Not longitudinal – cannot follow the same respondents over time n No year of arrival information (asks the year landed immigrant status was obtained) n No immigration program information (e.g. categories of admission; selection characteristics) n Outcome measures, rather than process

Longitudinal Immigration Database

What is the IMDB? n Administrative database of linked immigration files with taxation files n Longitudinal: ; updated annually –All landed immigrants from –Tax data from –Up to 16 years of information n Supported by a federal-provincial consortium, led by Citizenship & Immigration Canada (CIC)

Contents of the IMDB n Designed to address the need for detailed, policy-relevant data on the immigration program n Content includes: –Demographic data & characteristics of landing –Program & selection information –Detailed income data over time –Geographic location over time

Contents of the IMDB (continued) n From the immigration portion – primarily used as independent variables in analysis –Demographic data –Program & selection information –Personal attributes at time of landing –Province of original destination

Contents of the IMDB (continued) n Selected fields from T1: –Employment earnings –Income from self-employment –Employment insurance –Welfare benefits (from 1992) –Investment income –Geographic location for each tax year n SIC(80) from T4 based on dominant earnings

What the IMDB tells us? n Link between immigrant policy levers (e.g., selection criteria) and economic outcomes n Labour market behaviour of different categories of admission of immigrants over time n Secondary inter-provincial & inter-urban migration of immigrants n Potential information on immigrant children

IMDB: Access & confidentiality n Condition of linkage approval – no public access to microdata n Access restricted to the IMDB project team n Only aggregated data released outside STC n All data randomly rounded n Screened for confidentiality

IMDB: Products n Compendium Tables n Standard Summary Tables n Ad hoc requests

What isn’t in the IMDB? n No comparison or reference group n No family/household information n No information on skills, education, and language abilities acquired after landing

What is the Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) n Longitudinal sample of individuals (20% of tax-filing Canadians, sampled from T1 Family File) n Contains over 270 variables relating to these individuals and their families n Presently spans 19 years ( ); update as additional years become available

Contents of the LAD n Individual demographics –age, sex, marital status n Family demographics –type of family, number & age of children n Geography –Province/territory, city, town, postal code, census geography (CMA, CD, CT) n Income variables –Employment income, investment, transfer payments, other income

LAD & IMDB n Match by SIN, all immigrant tax-filers to the LAD sample n Result, 20% of immigrants n Data are weighted to produce estimates n 17 key immigrant variables retained

LAD & IMDB: access & confidentiality n Controlled access –Very limited access to microdata –Confidential data must remain on-site –Secure physical environment n Rules to prevent disclosure –Addition of noise, suppression, dominance, residual disclosure avoidance, rounding

What LAD & IMDB tell us? n 19 years of data n Low income measure (LIM) n Family information from T1FF n Census family & SLID census family n Comparison group of all tax-filers n Child tax benefit information n QC tax estimates

Questions on IMDB, LAD & IMDB Heather Dryburgh Manager, Longitudinal Immigration Database (613) Client Services:

Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada

Survey Objectives :  to study how new immigrants adjust to life in Canada over time  to provide information on the factors that can help or hinder this adjustment Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada

Target population includes immigrants who :  arrived in Canada between October 2000 and September 2001  landed from abroad  Are age 15 and over  About 165,000 immigrants meet these criteria Sampling frame Administrative database provided by Citizenship and Immigration Canada LSIC Target population and sampling frame

 Longitudinal – 3 interviews – approximately 6 months, 2 years and 4 years after arriving in Canada  Wave 1: April 2001 to March 2002  Wave 2: December 2002 to November 2003  Wave 3: October 2004 to September 2005 LSIC Survey Timelines

 Computer assisted interviewing (CAI), face-to- face interview environment  Average household visit of 90 minutes  Interviews are conducted in 15 different languages  The longitudinal respondent is the unit of analysis; 12,000 individuals interviewed in Wave 1 LSIC Survey Design

 Socio-demographic information (Wave 1 only)  Reasons for coming to Canada (Wave 1 only)  Social interactions  Language skills  Housing  Education  Employment  Health LSIC Questionnaire Content

 Values and attitudes  Citizenship  Perceptions of settlement  Income  Event history analysis for housing, employment & education experiences since arrival  Problems encountered, type of help needed & sources of help received LSIC Questionnaire Content (continued)

LSIC Data Outputs  A major release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily, accompanied by an analytical report of results & tables – September 4, 2003  Joint STC-CIC publication – Winter 2004  Production of a set of standard tables  Master microdata files for Research Data Centres  Remote data access and custom tabulations

Questions on LSIC Tracey Leesti Senior Project Manager (613) Client Services or

Ethnic Diversity Survey

Survey Objectives :  to provide information on the ethnic & cultural backgrounds of people in Canada and how these backgrounds related to their lives today  To better understand how Canadians of different ethnic backgrounds interpret and report their ethnicity Target population:  Population aged 15 and over living in private dwellings in the 10 provinces, excluding Indian Reserves and Aboriginal Ethnic Diversity Survey

Two-phase stratified design  Phase I: 2001 long census questionnaires (one-in-five households in Canada)  Phase II: Selected a sample of respondents from the Census according to specific characteristics Sample selection:  Divided the Census population into groups according to the responses to the following three questions:  Ethnic origin  Birthplace of respondent  Birthplace of parents  Total of 15 strata; random selection within each strata EDS Sample design & selection

 57,000 persons selected to be interviewed (no proxy reporting) between April and August 2002  Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, approximately 35 minute interviews  Interviewed in 9 different languages  42,500 people were interviewed EDS Interviews

EDS Content Modules & Themes  Entry  Ethnic self-Definition  Respondent & Family Background  Knowledge & Use of Language  Family Interaction  Social Networks

EDS Content Modules & Themes (continued)  Civic Participation  Interaction with Society  Attitudes  Trust & Satisfaction  Socio-economic activities  Who answered 2001 Census questionnaire

Unpacking Ethnicity Discrimination & Unfair Treatment EDS Social Networks Participation in Society Transnationalism Socio-economic Status Social Capital Transmission of Culture & Language EDS Potential Research Areas

EDS Products  Official release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily – September 29, 2003  Analytic article: Ethnic Diversity Survey: Portrait of a multicultural society  Analysis file for Research Data Centres  Possible Public Use Microdata File in 2004

Questions on EDS Jane Badets Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics (613) Client Services:

Other Household Surveys

Other household surveys n Immigration questions are included on most household surveys….but immigrant samples tend to be small. n Canadian Community Health Survey n Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics n Youth in Transition Survey n Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey

Questions? Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics Housing, Family & Social Statistics Division Statistics Canada Jane Badets Tina Chui Ottawa, OntarioOttawa, Ontario (613) (613)