Chapter 6: Urinary System Medical Terminology

Chapter 6 Abbreviations ARF CRF GFR UTI BUN cath cysto = acute renal failure = chronic renal failure = glomerular filtration rate (most common number used to DX renal failure) = urinary tract infection = blood urea nitrogen = catheter = cystoscopy

Chapter 6 Abbreviations IVP KUB Ua, UA FUO GU I&O = intravenous pyelogram = kidneys – ureter – bladder = urinalysis = fever of undetermined origin = genitourinary = intake and output (only measures liquids)

The Urinary System The Function Removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

The Urinary System Organs of the urinary system Kidneys Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

The Urinary System Parts of the Kidney Nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. (Approx. 1 million nephrons located in each kidney) Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. (Process of filtering blood/producing urine begins here) Renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter Hilum: indention on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney

The Urinary System Ureters Urinary Bladder Two slender tubes, approx. 10-13 in. long, that receive the urine from the kidney and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder Urinary Bladder Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily hold the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size

The Urinary System Urethra Urinary meatus Lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. (~1.5 in. in females, ~ 8 in. in males) In males, it is also part of the reproductive system, as it carries seminal fluid at the time of ejactulation Urinary meatus Opening through which the urine passes to the outside

The Urinary System

The Urinary System

Word Parts for Urinary System Combining Form Definition cyst/o, vesic/o glomerul/o meat/o nephr/o, ren/o pyel/o ureter/o urethr/o bladder, sac glomerus meatus (opening) kidney renal pelvis ureter urethra

Word Parts commonly used with Urinary System Combining Form Definition albumin/o blast/o glyc/o, glycos/o hydr/o lith/o noct/i olig/o son/o tom/o urin/o, ur/o albumin developing cell, germ cell sugar water stone night scanty, few sound cut, section urine, urinary tract

Word Parts for Urinary System Suffix Definition -gram -iasis, -esis -lysis -megaly -ptosis -rrhaphy -tripsy -trophy -uria record, radiographic image condition loosening, destruction, separating enlargement drooping, sagging, prolapse suturing, repairing surgical crushing nourishment, development urine, urination

Word Parts for Urinary System Suffix Definition lithiasis lithotomy condition of stones incision to remove a stone

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition cystitis cystocele cystolith glomerulonephritis hydronephrosis nephritis inflammation of the bladder protrusion of the bladder stone in the bladder inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney abnormal condition of water in the kidney (distention of the renal pelvis with urine because of an obstruction) inflammation of a kidney

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition nephroblastoma nephrohypertrophy nephrolithiasis nephroma nephromegaly nephroptosis pyelitis pyelonephritis kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor) excessive development of the kidney condition of stone(s) in the kidney tumor of the kidney enlargement of a kidney drooping kidney inflammation of the renal pelvis inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

Med Terms (from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition ureteritis ureterocele ureterolithiasis ureterostenosis urethrocystitis inflammation of the ureter protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder) condition of stones in the ureters narrowing of the ureter inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Disease & Disorders] Definition renal calculus renal failure urinary retention urinary suppression urinary tract infection (UTI) stone in the kidney loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate sudden stoppage of urine formation infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms] Definition cystectomy cystolithotomy cystorrhaphy cystostomy cystotomy, vesicotomy lithotripsy meatotomy excision of the bladder incision of the bladder to remove a stone suturing the bladder creating an artificial opening in the bladder incision of the bladder surgical crushing of a stone incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms] Definition nephrectomy nephrolithotomy nephrolithotripsy nepholysis nephropexy nephrostomy pyelolithotomy excision of a kidney incision of the kidney to remove a stone surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney separating the kidney (from other body structures) surgical fixation of the kidney creation of an artificial opening into the kidney incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Med Terms (from word parts) [Surgical Terms] Definition pyeloplasty ureterectomy ureterostomy urethroplasty vesicourethral suspension surgical repair of the renal pelvis excision of a ureter creation of an artificial opening in the ureter surgical repair of the urethra suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Surgical Terms] Definition renal transplant surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING cystogram cystography intravenous urogram nephrogram nephrography radiographic image of the bladder radiographic imaging of the bladder radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously) (intravenous pyelogram [IVP]) radiographic image of the kidney radiographic imaging of the kidney (renogram)

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition nephrosonography nephrotomogram renogram process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test) sectional radiographic image of the kidney (graphic) record of the kidney a nuclear med. test produced by radioactivity after injecting a radiopharmaceutical, or radioactive material into the blood also called renal scan or nephrogram

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition retrograde urogram voiding cystourethrography radiographic image of the urinary tract retrograde means to move in a direction opposite from normal; contrast medium is instilled through urethral catheters by a cytoscope radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra radiopaque dye is instilled in the bladder. Radiographic images called voiding cystourethrograms are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye

Med Terms (from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition ENDOSCOPY cystoscope cytoscopy nephroscopy ureteroscopy urethroscope instrument used for visual examination of the bladder visual examination of the bladder visual examination of the kidney visual examination of the ureter instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Diagnostic Terms] Definition LABORATORY blood urea nitrogen (BUN) urinalysis (UA) a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function an increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complimentary Terms] Definition albuminuria anuria diuresis dysuria glycosuria albumin in the urine albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine) condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine) difficult or painful urination sugar (glucose) in the urine

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complimentary Terms] Definition hematuria meatal nephrologist nephrology nocturia oliguria polyuria blood in the urine pertaining to the meatus a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with idseases of the kidney night urination scanty urine (amount) much (excessive) urine

Med Terms (from word parts) [Complimentary Terms] Definition pyuria urinary urologist urology pus in the urine pertaining to urine a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract study of the urinary tract (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complimentary Terms] Definition catheter (cath) distended enuresis hemodialysis flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids stretched out (a bladder is distended when filed with urine) involuntary urination procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Complimentary Terms] Definition Incontinence micturate stricture urinal urinary catheterization void inabliity to control bladder and/or bowels to urinate or void abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture receptacle for urine passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

Med Terms (not from word parts) [Additional Terms] Definition calculus creatinine diuretic sepsis septic urea uremia stone (pl. = calculi) waste product agent that increases the amt. of urine an infection caused by pathogens, usually bacteria, spreading through bloodstream (also called septicemia) pertaining to sepsis condition of excessive waste products in the blood; renal failure