 Signalment – 4 year old female spayed Hound  Presenting Complaint – Inappropriate Urination  Lab findings – None she just walked in your door  Possible Tests to rule out Ddx – Blood work (CBC, Chem), urinalysis, urine culture, radiographs, Ultrasound  U/S Ddx – Calculi, tumors, cystitis(possible UTI)

 Radiopaque or radiolucent calculi are seen as hyperechoic focal echogenicities that shadow in the dependent portion of the bladder  Are usually located in the dependent portion of the bladder but may adhere to the wall with severe inflammation

 Suspended with bladder agitation

 Typically Cranioventral  Can be generalized if severe  If the bladder is not fully distended the wall may appear thicker

 Infection with E. Coli  Infection with Clostidium species  Diabetes Mellitus  The gas bubbles will follow the wall contour  Can be confirmed by radiographs – lucencies associated with the bladder

 Polyps are rare  Must be confirmed by biopsy  Neoplasia more common

Trigone and Urethra

 Most common bladder tumor in dogs  Focal wall thickening, could have generalized thickness (diffuse tumor)  Fixed mass extending into the lumen of the bladder  U/S guided catheter biopsy – lesion pushed to catheter by transducer pressure or cystoscopy  Check iliac LN and thoracic rads

 To differential Ddx – remember moving objects will settle to the dependent part of the bladder.  Dorsal in down, ventral is up.  Sampling for TCC - No aspirates  Inappropriate urination could be behavioral, pollakiuria, PU/PD, stranguria (ask more questions to clarify)