Unit 7 The Urinary System

Essential Questions What are the functions of the kidney? How is urine formed and what are the components of urine? How does what we ingest have an effect on our urine? What role does ADH play in urine formation?

Day 1 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: 16.1, 16.2 Identify the organs of the urinary system and describe their general functions Describe the structure and blood supply of the kidney Describe the structure and functions of a nephron Compare filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion Explain how urine is formed

Starter Bozeman Video: Osmoregulation What is the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator? How are salt water and fresh water fish’s urine different? What is/are: Nephrons Loop of Henle Glomerulus Collecting duct Time: 20 minutes

Activity 1 What are the 3 functions of the kidney? Write a poem that outlines the functions of the kidney Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2 On poster paper, draw a picture of a nephron and include the following structures: Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, descending limb, ascending limb, collecting duct, loop of Henle On the ascending limb, descending limb, and collecting duct, include the following: Where water is absorbed/secreted Where salt is absorbed/secreted Time: 40 minutes

Closing Why is water removed in the descending limb only to be reabsorbed in the ascending limb? Which hormone is responsible in urine production? How does urine production alter with the consumption of the following: Caffeine Alcohol Excess water Not enough water?

Day 2 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: Kidney Dissection To identify the structures and functions of the structures of the kidney To determine the fate of a soda molecule

Starter Label the following parts on the kidney and nephron: Time: 10 minutes

Answers Kidney Nephron 1) Renal cortex 2) Renal medulla 3) Renal pelvis (minor/major calyx) 4) Nephron 5) Ureter Nephron A) Glomerulus B) Descending limb C) Loop of Henle D) Ascending Limb E) Collecting Duct

Activity 1 Kidney dissection Read through the instructions and dissect with your group Clean up when you are finished Time: 30 minutes

Activity 2 Using the powerpoint slides as a guide, write a story explaining what happens to a coke when you drink it Use a diagram to help aid your explanation Time: 20 minutes

Homework Complete your story – Due February 11

Day 3 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: 16.3 Explain how water and electrolyte balance and pH balance are maintained in body fluids Explain how nitrogenous wastes are kept within normal limits in body fluids

Starter The following four hormones act on the kidneys: Aldosterone Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) Parathyroid hormone What is the function of these hormones? Where do the hormones come from? Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1 Read through “The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in Homeostasis” with your group For the questions, there are 2 systems we haven’t talked about yet (nervous, endocrine), but try your best to incorporate those systems into your answers The hormones you can talk about are the 4 that act on the kidneys as well as epinephrine (adrenaline) Time: 30 minutes

Activity 2 You will be assigned numbers 1-4 Move to your new group and discuss what was happening physiologically to Jim during his 2000m race Time: 15 minutes

Activity 3 Create a poster for the athletes at TASOK explaining the importance water intake Everyone will create one Ideas to get you started: How does dehydration negatively effect their performance? What are some long-term effects of dehydration What are good drinks to have during and after exercise? (Think: electrolyte balance) What advantage would monitoring their pee have? How should it look? Time: 30 minutes

Closing & Homework What hormones act on the kidneys and what are their functions? How does water intake effect an athlete’s performance? Homework: Coke story Water poster Read 16.4, 16.5

Day 4 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: 16.4, 16.5 Describe the structure and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra Describe the control of micturition Indicate the normal components of urine

Starter What are the components in urine? What components would be a concern if they were found in the urine? What could a potential diagnosis be if these components are found in the urine? Time: 10 minutes

Activity 1 Create a model of the structures involved in micturition The model should be a working model that shows what happens when urine enters the bladder i.e. How much urine can the bladder hold? What happens when urine accumulates in the bladder? Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2 Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis You will need a hot plate, test tubes, test tube rack, and test tube tongs Put everything you used that needs to be washed in the sink after Please put the dissecting pans, dissecting kits and stopwatches back in your lab bench when completed Time: 45 minutes

Closing What could the presence of glucose indicate? What could the presence of protein indicate?

Homework Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis Due February 17

Day 5 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: Modeling Kidney Function Investigate the function of a human kidney by constructing a model Understand the mechanism of urine formation in the kidney Observe osmosis as it relates to kidney filtration Relate kidney function to homeostasis

Starter What is the function of kidneys with regards to waste materials and blood composition? How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis of body fluids? Time: 10 minutes

Activity 1 Describe the flow of urine and what happens in each of the following structures: Nephron Ureter Ascending tubule Bowman’s capsule Bladder Collecting duct Glomerulus Descending tubule Urethra Time: 20 minutes

Activity 2 Read through “Modeling Kidney Function” with your group Explain to me what you are going to do before you begin Clean-up when complete Time: 30 minutes

Activity 3 “Going Further” Work with your group in the computer lab to complete the first paragraph in this section Time: 25 minutes

Homework Urinalysis Lab Modeling Kidney Function “Going Further”

Day 6 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: Urinalysis Lab Analyze urine samples for colour, pH, glucose, protein, and specific gravity Use data collected from the tests to determine potential causes of abnormal results

Starter Answer the pre-lab questions on S-2 of your lab packet Time: 15 minutes

Activity 1 Read through “Activity 2” that starts on page S-6 Each student will test their own urine and answer the lab questions (1-3) for their own sample Create a data table to hand in with your answers Time: 10 minutes

Activity 2 Obtain a sample of your urine to test You do not need to fill the cup completely – you only need ~25mL Complete the tests for your sample Clean up when complete Throw anything that has touched your urine into the bin (pipettes, cups, paper towel, glucose strips, etc.) Time: 45 minutes

Closing What could the following indicate if found in urine? High pH Glucose Protein Time: 5 minutes

Homework Complete your urinalysis lab questions if you did not complete them in class

Day 7 Required Readings: Learning Objectives: 16.6 Describe the common disorders of the urinary system

Activity 1 Choose any 3 of the following disorders to research: Kidney stone, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection (UTI), hematuria, kidney disease, urinary incontinence Present your findings to me in any way you choose, for example: Powerpoint, Table/chart, Venn diagram, Poem, Song, Comic Strip, Diagram, Flow chart, etc. What to include: Cause(s) Signs & Symptoms Treatments Statistics

Day 8 Summative assessment