20 October

20 October IT Infrastructure and business capabilities

Management of Information Technology Chapter 6 part b Chapter 6 part b IT Infrastructure and Platforms Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua

20 October Infrastructure Components

20 October Infrastructure Components IT infrastructure today is composed of 7 major components l Computer Hardware Platforms l Operating System Platforms l Enterprise Software Applications l Data Management and Storage l Network/Telecommunications Platforms l Internet Platforms l Consultants and System Integrators

20 October Computer Hardware Platforms l U.S. firms spend about $109 billion in 2005 on computer hardware l Including client machines and server machines l Client machines primarily Intel or AMD processors l Server machines using mostly Intel or AMD processors in the form of blade servers in racks, including Sun SPARC microprocessors and IBM PowerPC chips

20 October Computer Hardware Platforms l 90% computer hardware concentrated as IBM, HP, Dell, and Sun Microsystems l Three chip producers, Intel, AMD, and IBM count for over 90% of processors sold l The industry settled on Intel as a standard processor, exceptions in the server UNIX and Linux machines which might use SUN or IBM Unix processors

20 October Computer Hardware Platforms

20 October Computer Hardware Platforms

20 October Computer Hardware Platforms

20 October Computer Hardware Platforms l Mainframes have not disappeared l The number of providers dwindled to one: IBM l IBM repurposed its systems to be used as giant servers for massive enterprise networks and corporate web sites l A single IBM can run up to 17,000 instants of Linux or Windows server and is capable of replacing thousands of small blade servers

20 October Operating System Platforms l In 2505, the U.S. market for OS is amount to $100 billion l At the clients, 95% of PCs and 45% of handheld devices use MS Windows l In the servers, more than 85% of corporate servers use some form of UNIX or Linux l MS Window Server 2003 is capable of a providing enterprise-wide network service, it is generally not used when more than 3,000 clients in a network

20 October Operating System Platforms l Why Unix and Linux constitute the backbone of corporate infrastructure l They are scalable, reliable, and much less expensive than mainframe OS l Also run on many different types of processors l Major providers of Unix are IBM, HP, and Sun, each with slightly different and partially incompatible versions

20 October Operating System Platforms l Although Windows continues to dominate the client marketplace, many corporations have begun to explore Linux as low-cost desktop OS provided by commercial vendors such as RedHat Linux and Linux-based desktop productivity suites such as Sun’s StarOffice l Linux is also available in free version downloadable from the Internet as Open-source software, software created and updated by a worldwide community of programmers and available for free

20 October Enterprise Software Applications l U.S. firms spent about $165 billion in 2005 for enterprise applications l The largest providers of enterprise application software are SAP, follow by Oracle and Peoplesoft. l In 2004 Oracle purchased Peoplesoft; SAP and Peoplesoft promise to provide software that works with any hardware or OS l Oracle applications run only on Oracle databases (although they are compatible with all OS and hardware platforms)

20 October Enterprise Software Applications l Microsoft is attempting to move into the lower ends of this market by focusing on small and medium-sized businesses l There are over 35 million such businesses in US, and most have not yet developed enterprise applications l Most large firms have implemented enterprise applications and have developed long-term relationships with their providers l Once a firm decides to work with an enterprise vendor, switching can be difficult and costly

20 October Data management and Storage l There are few choices for enterprise database management software l The leading database software providers are IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL Server), and Sybase (Adaptive Server Enterprise), which supply more than 90% of the estimated $0 billion US database software marketplace

20 October Data Management and Storage l A growing new entrant is MySQL, a Linux open-source relational database product available for free on the Internet and increasingly supported by HP and others in a move designed to prevent Microsoft from monopolizing the small and medium-sized firm database with its SQL Server product

20 October Data Management and Storage l The physical data storage market (about $35 billion US in 2005) is dominated by EMC Corporation for a large-scale systems, and a small number of PC hard disk manufacturers led by Seagate, Maxter, and Western Digital l Storage area networks (SANs) connect multiple storage devices on a separate high speed network dedicate to storage l The SAN creates a large central pool of storage that can be rapidly accessed and shared by multiple servers

20 October Data Management and Storage l The amount of new digital information in the world is doubling every three years, driven in part by e-commerce and e- business and by statues and regulations requiring firm to invest in extensive data storage and management facilities l Consequently, the market for digital data storage devices has been growing at more than 15% annually over the last five years

20 October Network/Telecommunications Platforms l U.S. firms spend about $150 billion a year on networking and telecommunication hardware and nearly $700 billion on networking services l Widows Server 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows NT are predominantly used as local area network operating systems, follow by Novell, Linux, and Unix l Large enterprise wide area network primarily use some variant of Unix

20 October Network/Telecommunications Platforms l Nearly all local area network, as well as wide area enterprise networks, use the TCP/IP protocol suite as standard l The leading networking hardware providers are Cisco, Lucent, Nortel, and Jupiter networks l Telecommunications platforms are typically provided by telecommunications/telephone services companies that offer voices and data connectivity, wide are networking, and Internet access

20 October Network/Telecommunications Platforms

20 October Network/Telecommunications Platforms l Leading telecommunications service vendors include MCI, AT&T, and regional telephone companies such as Verizon l This market is exploding with new providers of cellular wireless, Wi-Fi, and Internet telephone services

20 October Internet Platforms l Internet platforms overlap with, and must relate to, the firm’s general networking infrastructure and hardware and software platforms l In most corporations, Internet expenditures are separated out from general IT infrastructure expenditures

20 October Internet Platforms l U.S. firms spent an estimated $32 billion annually on Internet-related infrastructure l This expenditures were for hardware, software, and management services to support a firm’s Web site, including Web hosting services, and for intranets

20 October Internet Platforms l A Web hosting service maintains a large Web server, or series of servers, and provides a fee-paying subscribers with space to maintains their Web sites l This category of technology expenditures is growing by approximately 10% per year

20 October Internet Platforms l The Internet revolution of the late 1990s led to a veritable explosion in server computers, with many firms collecting of thousands of small servers to run their Internet operations l Since then there has been a steady push toward server consolidation, reducing the number of server computer by increasing the size and power of each l The Internet hardware server market has become increasing concentrated in the hands of Dell, HP/Compaq, and IBM as prices have fallen dramatically

20 October Internet Platforms l The major Web server software application development tools and suites are supplied by Microsoft (FrontPage and Microsoft.NET family of development tools used to create Web sites using Active Server Pages for dynamic content), l Sun (Sun’s Java is the Most widely used tool for developing interactive Web applications on both the server and client sides), and a host of independent software developers, including Macromedia (Flash), media software (real Media), and text tools (Adobe Acrobat)

20 October Contemporary Hardware Platform Trends l The Integration of Computing and Telecommunications Platforms l Grid Computing l On-Demand Computing (Utility Computing) l Autonomic Computing l Edge Computing

20 October Contemporary Software Platform Trends l The Rise of Linux and Open-Source Software l Java Is Everywhere l Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture l Software Outsourcing

20 October Management Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions l The objective of infrastructure management is to provide a coherent and balanced set of computer-based services to customers, employees, and suppliers l To attain these objectives l Cost of IT infrastructure l Integration of information, applications, and platforms l Flexibility to respond to business environments l Resilience l Service level

20 October Management Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions l Management Challenges l Making wise infrastructure investments l Choosing and coordinating infrastructure components l Dealing with infrastructure change l Management and governance

20 October Solution Guidelines Most frequent question that CIOs ask Are we spending too much on IT infrastructure? Are we spending enough on IT to keep up with our competitors? How much should our firm spend on IT infrastructure? l Competitive forces model for IT infrastructure

20 October

20 October Solution Guidelines l Total cost of ownership of technology assets l Infrastructure component and cost components l Hardware and Software acquisition l Installation and Training l Support and Maintenance l Infrastructure l Downtime l Space and energy

20 October Questions?Questions?

20 October Assignment#6Assignment#6 6a จงให้นิยามของ IT infrastructure จาก มุมมองทั้งด้านเทคโนโลยีและด้านการบริการ 6b จงบอกองค์ประกอบของ IT infrastructure

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