Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey Key Indicators Report

Funding for the CDHS 2014 was provided by the Government of Cambodia, USAID, Australia-DFAT, UNFPA, UNICEF, JICA, KOICA, and The Health Sector Support Program – Second Phase (HSSP – 2). Technical assistance was provided by ICF International as part of the Demographic and Health Surveys project (MEASURE DHS). The objective of the MEASURE DHS project is to collect, analyze and disseminate demographic data, especially those related to fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, and HIV/AIDS.

DHS in Cambodia

Implementation The survey was carried out by the National Institute of Statistics of the Ministry of Planning and the Directorate General for Health of the Ministry of Health. ICF International provided technical assistance to every phase of the survey through the worldwide MEASURE DHS program.

Implementation Pre-test: February – March, 2014 Main training: May 2014 Fieldwork: June – November, Data entry and editing: August January Four questionnaires were used for the CDHS 2010: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman Questionnaire, the Man Questionnaire, and the Micronutrient Questionnaire.

Household Questionnaire The household questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors and to collect information on the following topics: –Dwelling characteristics –Accidental death and injury –Disability –Utilization of health services and health expenditures for recent illness and injury –Possession of iodized salt –Height and weight of women and children –Hemoglobin level of women and children

Women Questionnaire The women questionnaire was used to collect information on the following topics: –Respondent background characteristics –Reproduction, including a complete birth and death history of respondents’ children, and information on abortion –Contraception, pregnancy, and postnatal care –Children’s nutrition, immunization, and early child development –Health and women’s nutrition –Marriage and sexual activity –Fertility preferences –Husband’s background and woman’s work –HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections –Other health issues –Maternal mortality

Men Questionnaire The men questionnaire was used to collect information on the following topics: –Respondent background characteristics –Reproduction –Marriage and sexual activity –HIV/AIDS –Other health issues

Micronutrient Questionnaire The micronutrient questionnaire was used to collect blood, urine, and stool samples among children 6-59 months and women mothers in 1/6 clusters (102) selected for the survey.

Sample Design The sample design allows indicators to be calculated at national level, for urban and rural areas. They also can be reported for 19 study domains. -Fourteen of these 19 domains are individual provinces; ten remaining provinces are paired into 5 domains. The sample was selected in two stages: -611 villages (clusters or enumeration areas) were selected with probability proportional to size. -Households were systematically selected from those listed in each EA for the survey. -All women age who were either permanent residents or visitors present in the households on the night before the survey were eligible to be interviewed. All men age in a sub-sample of 1/3 of the households were eligible to be interviewed.

Sample Size and Respond Rates Selected households: 16,356 Households found: 15,937 Interviewed: 15,825 Response rate: 99.3% Eligible women: 18,012 Interviewed: 17,578 Response rate: 97.6% Eligible men: 5,484 Interviewed: 5,190 Response rate: 94.6%

Sample Distribution by Residence WomenMen

Marital Status

Education Level WomenMen

2.7 At current fertility levels, a woman in Cambodia will have an average of 2.7 children in her lifetime; The TFR of urban women is 2.1 and of rural women is 2.9. Total Fertility Rate

Trend in Fertility TFR for women age for the 3-year period preceding the survey

Trend in Fertility TFR for women age for the 3-year period preceding the survey

Teenage Fertility Percentage of young women age who have a live birth or are pregnant with first child

Current Use of Family Planning Percentage of currently married women age 15-49

Current Use of Contraceptive Methods Percentage of currently married women using a contraceptive method

Fertility Preference Percent distribution of currently married women age by desire for children, according to number of living children, Cambodia 2014 Number of living children 1 Desire for children Total Have another soon Have another later Have another, undecided when Undecided Want no more Sterilized Declare infecund Missing Total100.0 Number of women6732,8243,4522,2831, ,898 1 The number of living children includes current pregnancy 2 Wants next birth within 2 years 3 Wants to delay next birth for 2 or more years 4 Includes both female and male sterilization

Trends in Unmet Need, Met Need with Modern Methods, and Percentage of Total Demand

Trend in Early Childhood Mortality Deaths per 1,000 live births

Maternal Health Indicators

Maternal Health Indicators by Residence

Maternal Health Indicators by Wealth Quintile

Vaccination for Children months Percentage of children age months who received specific vaccines at any time before the survey

Trends in Vaccination Coverage Percentage of children months fully vaccinated

Vaccination by Residence and WQ

Prevalence of ARI, Fever and Diarrhea Percentage of children under five years who had symptoms of ARI, fever, or diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the surve y

Treatment of ARI, Fever and Diarrhea Among children with symptoms of ARI, fever, or diarrhea percentage of whom treatment was sought from a health facility/ provider

Treatment of ARI, Fever and Diarrhea Among children with symptoms of ARI, fever, or diarrhea percentage of whom treatment was sought from a health facility/ provider

Undernourished Children More than 2 SD below the median of WHO Child Growth Standards adopted in 2006.

Table 13. Breastfeeding status by age Percent distribution of youngest children under two years who are living with their mother, by breastfeeding status and the percentage currently breastfeeding; and the percentage of all children under two years using a bottle with a nipple, according to age in months, Cambodia 2014 Breastfeeding status Age in months Not breast- feeding Exclusivel y breast- feeding Breast- feeding and consuming plain water only Breast- feeding and consuming non-milk liquids 1 Breast- feeding and consuming other milk Breast- feeding and consuming complementar y foodsTotal Percent- age currently breast- feeding Number of youngest children under two years living with the mother Percent- age using a bottle with a nipple Number of all children under two years , , Note: Breastfeeding status refers to a "24-hour" period (yesterday and last night). Children who are classified as breastfeeding and consuming plain water only consumed no liquid or solid supplements. The categories of not breastfeeding, exclusively breastfed, breastfeeding and consuming plain water, non-milk liquids/juice, other milk, and complementary foods (solids and semi-solids) are hierarchical and mutually exclusive, and their percentages add to 100 percent. Thus children who receive breast milk and non-milk liquids and who do not receive other milk and who do not receive complementary foods are classified in the non-milk liquid category even though they may also get plain water. Any children who get complementary food are classified in that category as long as they are breastfeeding as well. 1 Non-milk liquids include juice, juice drinks, clear broth or other liquids

Minimum Acceptable Diet by Age (Months) Percentage of children 6-23 months received minimum acceptable diet

Anemia in Children 6-59 months Children with <7.0 g/dl of hemoglobin have severe anemia, children with g/dl have moderate anemia, and children with g/dl have mild anemia

Anemia in Women Women with <7.0 g/dl of hemoglobin have severe anemia, women with g/dl have moderate anemia, and non- pregnant women with g/dl and pregnant women with g/dl have mild anemia.

Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods Percent who know HIV can be prevented by:

Trends in Knowledge of HIV Prevention Methods Percent both prevention methods:

Trends in Comprehension Knowledge of HIV Among Youth Percent knowing that consistent use of condoms during sexual intercourse and having just one uninfected faithful partner can reduce the chance of getting HIV, and knowing that a healthy-looking person can have HIV, and rejecting the two most common local misconceptions about transmission or prevention of HIV :

Number of Lifetime Sexual Partners

Multiple Partners and Condom Use: Men

Level and confidence interval of maternal mortality ratios