OAKESHOTT INSURANCE SUMS & VALUES. VERY ENGLISH HUMOUR It sounds like English, but I can't understand a word you're saying. It sounds like English, but.

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Presentation transcript:

OAKESHOTT INSURANCE SUMS & VALUES

VERY ENGLISH HUMOUR It sounds like English, but I can't understand a word you're saying. It sounds like English, but I can't understand a word you're saying. Thank you. We're all refreshed and challenged by your unique point of view. Thank you. We're all refreshed and challenged by your unique point of view.

SUMS & VALUES INSURABLE VALUE = СТРАХОВАБЕЛЬНАЯ СТОИМОСТЬ = СТРАХОВАЯ СТОИМОСТЬ INSURABLE VALUE = СТРАХОВАБЕЛЬНАЯ СТОИМОСТЬ = СТРАХОВАЯ СТОИМОСТЬ SUM INSURED = SI =СТРАХОВАЯ СУММА SUM INSURED = SI =СТРАХОВАЯ СУММА VALUE INSURED VALUE INSURED INSURED AMOUNT INSURED AMOUNT

UNDER- & OVERINSURANCE SI > IV – В СНГ НЕВОЗМОЖНО SI > IV – В СНГ НЕВОЗМОЖНО SI > IV – AGREED VALUE SI > IV – AGREED VALUE VALUED & UNVALUED POLICIES VALUED & UNVALUED POLICIES ОСТОИМОЩЕННЫЕ? ОЦЕНЕННЫЕ? ОСТОИМОЩЕННЫЕ? ОЦЕНЕННЫЕ? AVERAGE CLAUSE NOT APPLIED AVERAGE CLAUSE NOT APPLIED AVERAGE WAIVER GUARANTEE -AXA AVERAGE WAIVER GUARANTEE -AXA CIF + 10 % in CARGO INSURANCE CIF + 10 % in CARGO INSURANCE INCREASED VALUE POLICIES INCREASED VALUE POLICIES RETURN TO INVOICE POLICY RETURN TO INVOICE POLICY

MARINE INSURANCE ACT 1906 S. 16 INSURABLE VALUE (4) In insurance of any other subject-matter, the insurable value is the amount at the risk of the assured when the policy attaches, plus the charges of insurance. (4) In insurance of any other subject-matter, the insurable value is the amount at the risk of the assured when the policy attaches, plus the charges of insurance. (4) В страховании иных объектов, страховабельная стоимость – это сумма на риске страхователя в момент начала действия полиса плюс расходы на страхование. (4) В страховании иных объектов, страховабельная стоимость – это сумма на риске страхователя в момент начала действия полиса плюс расходы на страхование.

ICC 2009 CONSTRUCTIVE TOTAL LOSS КОНСТРУКТИВНАЯ ПОЛНАЯ ГИБЕЛЬ...because the cost of recovering, reconditioning and forwarding the subject-matter insured to the destination to which it is insured would exceed its value on arrival....because the cost of recovering, reconditioning and forwarding the subject-matter insured to the destination to which it is insured would exceed its value on arrival. расходы по восстановлению, приведению в исходное состояние и перевозке объекта страхования до места назначения, до которого он застрахован, превысят его стоимость по прибытию. расходы по восстановлению, приведению в исходное состояние и перевозке объекта страхования до места назначения, до которого он застрахован, превысят его стоимость по прибытию.

AHEAD TO SOURCES PAGES 20-35, 80, , PAGES 20-35, 80, , ICC (A) LOSS CAUSES: ICC (A) LOSS CAUSES: (1) directly caused, (1) directly caused, (2)indirectly caused, (2)indirectly caused, (3)caused by an event, (3)caused by an event, (4)arising from an event. (4)arising from an event. (5) resulting from an event, (5) resulting from an event, (6)attributable to an event, (6)attributable to an event, (7) proximately caused (7) proximately caused

В ПОЛИСАХ VALUE VALUE SUM INSURED SUM INSURED PML=POSSIBLE MAXIMUM LOSS PML=POSSIBLE MAXIMUM LOSS LIMIT OF LIABILITY LIMIT OF LIABILITY SUB-LIMITS (DEBRIS / AIRFREIGHT)–ON TOP? SUB-LIMITS (DEBRIS / AIRFREIGHT)–ON TOP?... average property in the UK is... average property in the UK is underinsured by 40% (AXA) underinsured by 40% (AXA)

КАК ОПРЕДЕЛИТЬ СТОИМОСТЬ -ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНАЯ = РЕАЛЬНАЯ = ACTUAL = FAIR (?) -РЫНОЧНАЯ = SOUND MARKET VALUE -SELLING PRICE, PEAK VALUE, OR A COMMODITY EXCHANGE VALUE -ВОССТАНОВИТЕЛЬНАЯ = REPLACEMENT VALUE=REBUILDING - USER VALUE = SALE PRICE WITH DEDUCTION FOR DEPRECITION - USER VALUE = SALE PRICE WITH DEDUCTION FOR DEPRECITION -ПО ПРИНОСИМОМУ ДОХОДУ

LONG TERM ASSET VALUE Hamburg Shipbrokers Association VHSS Hamburg Shipbrokers Association VHSS DYSFUNCTIONAL/IRREGULAR MARKET DYSFUNCTIONAL/IRREGULAR MARKET a) An uncharacteristically low number of Sales candidates - 3 months b) Seller or Buyer under time pressure c) A difference of 30% between current transaction prices and the “LTAV” – 3 mos d) Low number of market participants e) The absence of regular market conditions (e.g. unavailability of debt financing)

1 C = Current Net-TC-Rate in running year (Base: ConTex; Baltic Dry Index (BDI); other proven data etc.) 1 C = Current Net-TC-Rate in running year (Base: ConTex; Baltic Dry Index (BDI); other proven data etc.) T C 2− = Average-Net-TC-Rate of the past 8-10 years (if possible, otherwise shorter) T C 2− = Average-Net-TC-Rate of the past 8-10 years (if possible, otherwise shorter) t B = Average-OPEX of the last 8-10 years (if possible, otherwise shorter) t B = Average-OPEX of the last 8-10 years (if possible, otherwise shorter) i = Discount rate i = Discount rate t = period ( 1 t current year; T t 2− : period end) t = period ( 1 t current year; T t 2− : period end) T= Remaining period until Age 20/25 Years T= Remaining period until Age 20/25 Years T RW = Residual value, based on LDT, average USD scrap price/ldt and multiple (ldt in long tons, 1t= lt) T RW = Residual value, based on LDT, average USD scrap price/ldt and multiple (ldt in long tons, 1t= lt)

INTERESTING OR NOT? HELPING BANKS TO SURVIVE THE CRISIS HELPING BANKS TO SURVIVE THE CRISIS DUAL VALUATION DUAL VALUATION MARKET VALUE FOR U/WRS, BUT A FURTHER AMOUNT WOULD BE AVAILABLE TO BANKS TO COVER THE O/ST LOAN AMOUNT MARKET VALUE FOR U/WRS, BUT A FURTHER AMOUNT WOULD BE AVAILABLE TO BANKS TO COVER THE O/ST LOAN AMOUNT BETTER: SETTLEMENT-IN-KIND, SIMON STONEHOUSE, 19/9/9 BETTER: SETTLEMENT-IN-KIND, SIMON STONEHOUSE, 19/9/9

ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS OF SHIPS AND THE FUTURE ASSET VALUE m_2008_Presentations/SVENSEN.pdf m_2008_Presentations/SVENSEN.pdf m_2008_Presentations/SVENSEN.pdf m_2008_Presentations/SVENSEN.pdf Emissions to air and energy usage are the main environmental challenges to shipping in the coming century Emissions to air and energy usage are the main environmental challenges to shipping in the coming century Shipping will have to make major changes to address the new environmental demands due to changes in energy cost, regulations and cargo carrier demands. Shipping will have to make major changes to address the new environmental demands due to changes in energy cost, regulations and cargo carrier demands.

ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINTS OF SHIPS The competitive landscape changes, as environmental demands and energy costs increase: A ship that was state-of-the-art and leading the competition 5 years ago, may in another 5 years have fallen far behind competition with detrimental loss in asset value. The competitive landscape changes, as environmental demands and energy costs increase: A ship that was state-of-the-art and leading the competition 5 years ago, may in another 5 years have fallen far behind competition with detrimental loss in asset value. Commercial risk management: Pro- activeness towards environmental challenges will pay now. Commercial risk management: Pro- activeness towards environmental challenges will pay now.

PRECEDENTS THOR V INGOSSTRAKH, HIGH COURT – ИНСТИТУТ AGREED VALUE НЕ ВСЕГДА ПРИМЕНЯЕТСЯ ДАЖЕ В ЛОНДОНЕ THOR V INGOSSTRAKH, HIGH COURT – ИНСТИТУТ AGREED VALUE НЕ ВСЕГДА ПРИМЕНЯЕТСЯ ДАЖЕ В ЛОНДОНЕ СМ. НАШУ БРОШЮРУ «ОСОБЕННОСТИ (ИНТЕР) НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРАХОВАНИЯ» И КНИГУ «ДАВАЙ С ТОБОЙ ПОГОВОРИМ» СМ. НАШУ БРОШЮРУ «ОСОБЕННОСТИ (ИНТЕР) НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СТРАХОВАНИЯ» И КНИГУ «ДАВАЙ С ТОБОЙ ПОГОВОРИМ» ГЛАВНОЕ – ИНГОССТРАХ НИ РАЗУ НЕ СПУТАЛ SUM INSURED & VALUE! ГЛАВНОЕ – ИНГОССТРАХ НИ РАЗУ НЕ СПУТАЛ SUM INSURED & VALUE!

Leppard v Excess Inssurance Co. Ltd. [1979] 2 All ER 668 Indemnity principle does not entitle an insured to recover a sum which is greater than his/her true loss. Indemnity principle does not entitle an insured to recover a sum which is greater than his/her true loss. The insured purchased a property from his father with the intention of selling it on to a third party at £4,500 The insured purchased a property from his father with the intention of selling it on to a third party at £4,500 Insured the property against fire for £10,000 which was later increased to £14,000. Insured the property against fire for £10,000 which was later increased to £14,000. When the property was destroyed by fire, agreed rebuilding costs £8,000. When the property was destroyed by fire, agreed rebuilding costs £8,000.

Leppard v Excess Inssurance Co. Ltd. [1979] 2 All ER 668 Held that his loss was £3,000 Held that his loss was £3,000 The sum he stood to lose if he sold the property, being the market value of the property (£4,500) less the post-fire value of the site (£1,500). The sum he stood to lose if he sold the property, being the market value of the property (£4,500) less the post-fire value of the site (£1,500). Intending to sell a property, you will not be entitled to retrieve the rebuilding costs/reinstatement costs - only the market value. Intending to sell a property, you will not be entitled to retrieve the rebuilding costs/reinstatement costs - only the market value

Dornoch Ltd / Royal & Sun Alliance etc. and Boskalis Westminster / Nigerian Westminster 12/2/2009 Самая большая землечерпалка (trailing suction hopper dredger) в мире WD Fairway (230 м длины, 60,000 двт, 13 м осадка) 1997 года постройки Самая большая землечерпалка (trailing suction hopper dredger) в мире WD Fairway (230 м длины, 60,000 двт, 13 м осадка) 1997 года постройки В марте 2007го года столкнулась в китайских водах с контейнеровозом MSC Joanna – полная гибель. В марте 2007го года столкнулась в китайских водах с контейнеровозом MSC Joanna – полная гибель. Застрахована на 150 миллионов евро. Застрахована на 150 миллионов евро. Столько страховщики и выплатили. Столько страховщики и выплатили. И приготовились продавать останки. И приготовились продавать останки.

Dornoch Ltd / Royal & Sun Alliance etc. and Boskalis Westminster / Nigerian Westminster 12/2/2009 А останков уже не было. А останков уже не было. Боскалису не сильно понравилась идея того, что страховщики продадут, в принципе, подлежащее ремонту судно конкурентам. Боскалису не сильно понравилась идея того, что страховщики продадут, в принципе, подлежащее ремонту судно конкурентам. И – продал судно своему Нигерийскому филиалу за тысячу евро. И – продал судно своему Нигерийскому филиалу за тысячу евро. Останки оценивались в миллионов (!) евро. Останки оценивались в миллионов (!) евро. Суд решил вернуть останки страховщикам. Суд решил вернуть останки страховщикам.

Dornoch Ltd / Royal & Sun Alliance etc. НЕБЫСТРЫЕ СТРАХОВЩИКИ - Март 2007 – столкновение. - Март 2007 – столкновение. - 27/3/2007 – владельцы абандонируют судно в пользу страховщиков - 27/3/2007 – владельцы абандонируют судно в пользу страховщиков - к 16/4/2008 – оплата КПГ - к 16/4/2008 – оплата КПГ - к 20/7/2008 – страховщики собирались осуществить свои права на судно - к 20/7/2008 – страховщики собирались осуществить свои права на судно - 25/8/2008 страхователь - предложил купить за 25 млн. евро - отказ, - 25/8/2008 страхователь - предложил купить за 25 млн. евро - отказ, - к декабрю 2008го страховщики заявили, что они хотят принять судно, - к декабрю 2008го страховщики заявили, что они хотят принять судно, - 9/1/2009 один из ответчиков продал судно за 1,000 евро другому ответчику. - 9/1/2009 один из ответчиков продал судно за 1,000 евро другому ответчику.

Dornoch Ltd / Royal & Sun Alliance etc. INSURED VALUES 150 МЛН. ЕВРО: 150 МЛН. ЕВРО: - 5 млн. – первый лейер (Primary layer, размещенный на голландском рынке), - 5 млн. – первый лейер (Primary layer, размещенный на голландском рынке), млн. – второй лейер (Excess Hull and Machinery Cover), млн. – второй лейер (Excess Hull and Machinery Cover), млн. – полис повышенной стоимости (Outfit and/or Disbursements) (25 % от страховой стоимости по каско), млн. – полис повышенной стоимости (Outfit and/or Disbursements) (25 % от страховой стоимости по каско), млн. –загадочный для меня Excess layer Section B “Interest Whatsoever” млн. –загадочный для меня Excess layer Section B “Interest Whatsoever”.

ОБЩИЙ ВЫВОД? СООТНОШЕНИЕ СТОИМОСТИ И СТРАХОВОЙ СУММЫ – ОДИН ИЗ ОСНОВНЫХ ПУНКТОВ ЛЮБОГО ДОГОВОРА СООТНОШЕНИЕ СТОИМОСТИ И СТРАХОВОЙ СУММЫ – ОДИН ИЗ ОСНОВНЫХ ПУНКТОВ ЛЮБОГО ДОГОВОРА СЛОЖИВШИХСЯ ЕДИНЫХ ПОДХОДОВ НЕТ СЛОЖИВШИХСЯ ЕДИНЫХ ПОДХОДОВ НЕТ ВОСТОЧНАЯ И ЗАПАДНАЯ ПРАКТИКА – СИЛЬНО РАЗНЫЕ ВОСТОЧНАЯ И ЗАПАДНАЯ ПРАКТИКА – СИЛЬНО РАЗНЫЕ

WE AT OAKESHOTT BELIEVE IN THE FAIR VALUES