© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7: Ethnicity Take out your Notebooks The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Brainstorm Your Ethnicity Your ethnic backgrounds Adjectives to describe your background What makes us American? Americans are_____

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Pledge of Allegiance Our history Your activity due March 12

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Prior to WW II

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Pledge of Allegiance History

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Aim How is Ethnicity depicted throughout our world? Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos, meaning “national” –Ethnicities share a cultural identity with people from the same homeland –Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits Race = people who share a biological ancestor

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? Distribution of ethnicities in the United States –Hispanics (Latinos) = 15 percent of the U.S. population –African Americans = 13 percent of the U.S. population –Asian Americans = 4 percent of the U.S. population –American Indians = 1 percent of the U.S. population

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is there Discrimination? Persist against minorities Especially African Americans Hispanics

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is the Distribution of Hispanics in the United States within the area of_ Figure 7-1

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is the Distribution of African Americans in the United States in the area of_________ Figure 7-2

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is the Distribution of Asian Americans in the United States with the area of Figure 7-3

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of American Indians in the United States Figure 7-4

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? Concentration of ethnicities in U.S. cities –90 percent of African Americans and Hispanics live in cities :Why? –Remnants of twentieth-century European migration = still evident on the landscape Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy, Greektown In your notebook : Where do we SEE Remnants of immigration from the late 19 th century early 20 th century ( approx ’s)

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. List the political, social, economic and religious issues that Surround Ethnic Groups in Southwest Asia Figure 8-25

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Interpreting Political Cartoons As you view each cartoon 1) on your worksheet 1) Describe it in detail, pay attention to the nuances ( hints, tone, theme) 2) Bullet point Your interpretation

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© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Our interpretations Review the slides On the back of your columned paper Writing Activity Short Essay: How does the media depict and encourage stereotyping, throughout history? Past, Present …Future stereotypes ? Give evidence

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. How did you get Here? Triangular Slave Trade Forced PUSH migration

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Triangular Slave Pattern Figure 7-8

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Please meet in your Group Boundaries of Conflict Berlin Wall N.Korea/South Korea

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Please meet in your groups TODAY BEGIN TO COMPLETE YOUR MAPS EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE A MAP Using the Atlas to COMPLETE your Political Outlines Maps Everyone in the group Must complete an outline map of the area Some groups may have 2-3 maps to show change over time, movement of people.**** While you research if you NEED a MAP to show migration to another area : See me for an outline map Bring in your colored pencils THERE ARE NINE tasks to complete EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE THE RESOLUTION and with your group CHOOSE 2 TOPICS that you will become the expert, to present in your power point. Remit to me a list of names and the topics you choose ( Peer Critique Grade) EACH PERSON IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A RESEARCH PAPER 4-5 pages Address all of the 8 tasks EVERYONE’S RESOLUTION MUST BE THEIR OWN ( can be similar yet write in your own voice) POWER POINT: YOU DEPICT YOUR TWO EXPERT AREAS YOU ARE RESPONISBLE FOR YOUR WORK ONLY!!! YOUR GRADE DEPENDS ON THE WORK YOU PUT INTO THE RESEARCH, ( Peer Critique Grade) TEAMWORK, POWER POINT AND BECOMING AN EXPERT ON YOUR TOPIC PLAGERISM IS AN AUTOMATIC 0 (Cite the author and source) then write your interpretation Works cited page 2 books, internet, primary sources, journals A

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Differentiating ethnicity and race –Often confusing –Race = traits that are shared genetically, you can have only ONE Race Examples: Biological features within one racial group are highly variable –Biological classification of people into distinct racial groups is meaningless Why? –Ethnicity multiple ethnic affiliations Examples: Spatial effects of racism –“Separate but equal” –“White flight” »Blockbusting –Apartheid in South Africa –United States three prominent ethnic groups Asian America, African Americans, Hispanic Americans display cultural traditions that originate in particular hearths

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Triangular Slave Pattern Figure 7-8

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Armistead Writing Activity

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago Figure 7-5Figure 7-6

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Distribution of Ethnicities in Los Angeles

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed? African American migration patterns –Three major migration patterns Forced migration from Africa (eighteenth century) –The triangular slave trade Immigration from the South to northern cities (first half of the twentieth century) –Identifiable paths of migration Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas (second half of the twentieth century to present) –The ghetto

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. African American Migration in the United States (Twentieth Century) Figure 7-10

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. SHARE CROPPER

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Apartheid Figure 7-13

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Apartheid In South Africa Video

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities? Rise of nationalities –Nationality = identity with a group of people who share a common allegiance to a particular country –Nation-state –Examples Denmark Nation-states in Europe –Nationalism = loyalty and devotion to a nationality

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Nation-states in Europe Figure 7-15

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. WELCOME BACK Three Free AP Human Geography Response for HW due 3/3 Please take out your notebooks Power point Video : Pianist Map Work : Constructing a political map Due end of H band Wednesday 2/26 Everyone MUST MAKE A POLITICAL MAP OF YOUR AREA Work on Persecution project: Research in class 3/19 Begin presentations

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities? Multinational states –Multiethnic state A state with multiple ethnic groups, all of whom might contribute to a larger national identity –Example: the United States –Multinational state A state with multiple ethnic groups who retain their own distinctive national identity –Example: the United Kingdom –Example: Russia (the largest multinational state) Revival of ethnic identity

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why are there Ethnic tensions in Russia? Figure 7-18

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do Ethnicities Clash? Ethnic competition to dominate nationality –Ethnic competition in the Horn of Africa Ethiopia captured by Italy in 1930 gained Indp after WWII. Land locked Christian Eritrea colonized by Italy Muslim Arabian Sea Route awarded to Ethiopia by UN Sudan Somalia / Drought famine, move North into Sudan Civil Unrest –Ethnic competition in Lebanon Religious and ethnic differences

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethnic Diversity in Eastern Africa Figure 7-21

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Ethnic Cleansing? Ethnic cleansing in central Africa –Most boundaries in Africa do not correspond to ethnic groups –Conflict between Hutu slaughtered by the Tutsi –( greater wealth) destabilizes the region Class warfare The Tutsi are a mostly Roman Catholic, French-and-Bantu-dialect –Hutu are a mostly Roman Catholic and Protestant, French-and-Bantu-dialect Ethnic cleansing and genocide in Rwanda Refugees spill into neighboring countries Ex Somalian Democratic Republic of Congo falls into civil war

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethnicities in Lebanon Figure 7-23

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Do Ethnicities Clash? Dividing ethnicities among more than one state –Dividing ethnicities in South Asia India and Pakistan –Kashmir Territorial dispute between Pakistan and India –Sinhalese and Tamils Sinhalese make Buddhism religion gain political power and Tamils Hindu Both groups have different linguistics, religious and cultural

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethnic Division in South Asia Figure 7-24 Chin. Chin

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Ethnic Cleansing? Ethnic cleansing = process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful group from their territory –The purpose is not to subjugate, but to remove –Today, most ethnic cleansing happens in Europe and Africa

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The Balkans in 1914 Figure 7-29

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Ethnic Cleansing? Ethnic cleansing in Europe –Largest forced migration = 1939–1945 Jews, gypsies, and others forcibly removed by Nazis –The former Yugoslavia Creation of multiethnic Yugoslavia The breakup of Yugoslavia –Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia –Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo –Balkanization

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Pianist Holocaust Ethnic Cleansing

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. TODAY BEGIN TO COMPLETE YOUR MAPS EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE A MAP Use the Atlas Maps to complete your map, Show political boundaries Make a legend indicating your specific area of conflict Due by the end of H band Wednesday Using the Atlas to COMPLETE your Political Outlines Maps Everyone in the group Must complete an outline map of the area Some groups may have 2- 3 maps to show change over time, movement of people.**** While you research if you NEED a MAP to show migration to another area : See me for an outline map Bring in your colored pencils A

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethnicities in Africa Figure 7-33

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. THERE ARE NINE tasks to complete EVERYONE MUST COMPLETE THE RESOLUTION and with your group CHOOSE 2 TOPICS that you will become the expert, to present in your power point. Remit to me a list of names and the topics you choose ( Peer Critique Grade) EACH PERSON IS RESPONSIBLE FOR A RESEARCH PAPER 4-5 pages Address all of the 8 tasks EVERYONE’S RESOLUTION MUST BE THEIR OWN ( can be similar yet write in your own voice) POWER POINT: YOU DEPICT YOUR TWO EXPERT AREAS YOU ARE RESPONISBLE FOR YOUR WORK ONLY!!! YOUR GRADE DEPENDS ON THE WORK YOU PUT INTO THE RESEARCH, ( Peer Critique Grade) TEAMWORK, POWER POINT AND BECOMING AN EXPERT ON YOUR TOPIC PLAGERISM IS AN AUTOMATIC 0 (Cite the author and source) then write your interpretation Works cited page 2 books, internet, primary sources, journals

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The End. Up next: Political Geography