Learning objective: To consolidate our understanding of how representational issues are constructed through the technical aspects of mise-en-scene and cinematography.

Do now- Genre recap. With your partner think of TV dramas that fit the genres on the board. E.g: ‘Eastenders’ is a soap.

TV Drama Sub- Genres What are the sub-genres of TV Drama: Soap Operas or Continuing Dramas : ‘ Eastenders’, ‘Coronation Street’… Crime and Police Dramas : ‘ The Bill’, ‘The Wire’, ‘CSI.. Medical/Emergency Dramas : ‘ER’, ‘Casualty’…. Sci-Fi/ Fantasy Dramas : ‘Dr Who’, ‘Heroes’… Literary adaptations : Pride and Prejudice’, Oliver Twist Contemporary melodramas: ‘ Skins’, ‘Waterloo Road’ Comedy Dramas: ‘Shameless’, ‘Desperate Housewives’

Possible AS Exam Question Answer the question below, with detailed references to specific examples from the extract only. 1.Discuss the ways in which the extract constructs the representation of ethnicity using the following: Camera shots, angles, movement and composition Editing Sound Mise en scene

Cinematography starter. AMPS? Task: one of you will draw a cinematography term on the board. The rest of the group write down the intended meaning to the audience.

Mise-en-scene starter What is mise-en-scene? The design or aesthetic of the film/tv show. Location and sets. Props. Costume, hair and make up. Lighting. Use of colour. Task: In pairs design the mise-en-scene of the scenes you’ve been given on the post-its.

Connotation and Denotation- recap Denotation? Connotation? What something might stand for or represent, e.g.. To give someone a red rose might suggest love. The mise-en-scene in a film or TV show can connote complex ideas to the viewer very quickly.

Connotation and Denotation – poster recap What did we say about this Sopranos poster?

What can you say about the connotations of cinematography and mise-en-scene in this still from ‘Coronation Street’? What descriptive words would you use?

In pairs look at the stills from TV shows and annotate them. Make notes on the following: The connotations of cinematography- shots and angle. The connotations of the mise-en-scene. What descriptive words would associate with these still images you’ve been given. Reading a still image.

Written analysis Writing task: Discuss the ways in which the image creates meaning through cinematography and mise-en-scene. Write one paragraph for each technical aspect. Remember to think adjectively!

Technical aspects and representation We now need to begin making links between the technical aspects and representation. Swap your paragraphs with the person next to you. How many points have they made that refer specifically to a character's gender, age, ethnicity or class?

Micro analysis- ethnicity and social class We are going to watch very short clip 3 times. Make notes on how ethnicity and/or social class are constructed using cinematography and mise-en-scene. Write two paragraphs. One focussing on mise-en- scene and the other on cinematography. How does the clip from Skins construct issues of ethnicity and social class through the cinematography and mise-en-scene.

Survivors (gender) Eastenders Spooks Series 9 Episode 2 2xpc/Spooks_Series_9_Episode_2/ 2xpc/Spooks_Series_9_Episode_2/

Words to connect technique to audience This technique –suggests…. –implies…. –shows…. –connotes…. –develops…. –establishes…. –might symbolise….

Some comparative connectives: – Having said this – Although – Whereas – Despite – Moreover – Furthermore – Nevertheless – Additionally – However – As well – Indeed – Instead – Rather – Elsewhere – Alternatively

Introduction: Don’t make any grand generalisations Refer to the language of question Give some context to the text Conclusion: Briefly summarise your main points Don’t introduce any new points Make it interesting and stand out (e.g. ask a provocative question, evoke an image, use a quotation) Don’t just repeat introduction!

Some general keywords Representation (under-represented, over-represented?) (Traditional or modern) stereotype –questioning/challenging, reinforcing, subverting, exposing…. Oppression Complex/multi-layered Symbolism Connotes Stock type Archetype Realism Constructed/de-constructed Audience (effect upon) Gender (e.g. women as commodities, sexual imbalance) Age Ethnicity Class Sexuality Disability/ability Region Post-feminist Post-modernist

Keyword brainstorming in pairs Brainstorm key editing terms Brainstorm key sound terms

Some sound keywords Score (Non) Diegetic Amplification – made louder Bass – a low tone Cacophonous – a non-rhythmical noise Crescendo – a build up of sound to a climax Digital – computer generated sounds Discordant – sounds that conflict, are inharmonious Mechanical Melody – a series of notes that form a distinct pattern Monotone – a single tone Oscillating – sound that goes up and down in pitch and tone Rhythmic – a regular pattern of beats Synchronised – sound working together with the visuals Symphonic – a collection of instruments in an orchestra.

Continuity editing – “invisible” editing (“match on action”, “shot-reverse-shot”) – linear narrative (flash backs)? Rhythm – pace of editing: –Quick for action sequences? –Slow for character studies? Cross cutting – alternates 2 (or more) lines of action that occur in different places, usually at the same time Transitions – uncommon in TV drama, except for straight cuts. They explicitly connect shots in some way. Examples include: –Fade –Wipe –Dissolve Effects – making the editing obvious: –Motion control: speed up, slow motion, freeze frame –Picture effects: black and white, split screen (vs cross cutting), captions, tinting, colouring Some editing keywords

Gender Stereotypes What are some of the gender stereotypes we would associate with men and women?. Men: Breadwinner Not in touch with their emotions- rational Obsessed by sport and sex Physically stronger Immature Competitive Aggressive Ruthless Women: Emotional irrational Gossip Mature and responsible Maternal Domesticated Physically weaker Supportive and sensitive

Keyword brainstorming in pairs Brainstorm general descriptive keywords (e.g. connotes, archetype)

connotes represents symbolises subverts stereotypes archetype stock type constructs audience post-feminist post-modernantagonist protagonist complex multi-faceted patriarchal/matriarchal status/power portrays subservient passionate/dispassionate tension mood atmosphere appropriate hybrid tyrant (anti) hero reinforces

Survivors (gender) Eastenders