SociologyChapter 10 Racial and Ethnic Relations Preview Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social StructureRace, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup RelationsPatterns of Intergroup Relations Section 3: Minority Groups in the United StatesMinority Groups in the United States Chapter Wrap-Up

SociologyChapter 10 Read to Discover How do sociologists define the terms race, ethnicity, and minority group? What characteristics distinguish minority groups from one another? Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure

SociologyChapter 10 Race—a category of people who share inherited physical characteristics and whom others see as being a distinct group Ethnicity — the set of cultural characteristics that distinguishes one group from another Minority Group — a group of people who, because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices, are singled out and unequally treated Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure

SociologyChapter 10 Question What are examples or characteristics of race, ethnicity, and minority group? Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure

SociologyChapter 10 Hispanic Jewish Caucasoid Negroid Race Ethnicity Minority Group Endogamy Strong bond Ascribed Unequal Physical Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure Mongoloid Many others

SociologyChapter 10 Minority Group Identifiable physical or cultural characteristics Victims of unequal treatment Group membership is an ascribed status Members share strong bonds and a sense of loyalty Members tend to practice endogamy — marriage within the group Section 1: Race, Ethnicity, and the Social Structure

SociologyChapter 10 Read to Discover How do discrimination and prejudice differ? What are the most common patterns of minority-group treatment? Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations

SociologyChapter 10 Question What are the similarities and differences between prejudice and discrimination? Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations

SociologyChapter 10  Unsupported generalization about a category of people  Involves attitudes  Can be positive  Can be individual or societal  Sociological, psychological  Denial of equal treatment based on group membership  Involves behaviors Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations PrejudiceDiscrimination

SociologyChapter 10 Common Patterns of Minority Group Treatment Cultural Pluralism—allows each group within society to keep its unique cultural identity Assimilation—blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity Legal Protection—legal efforts to ensure the rights of minority groups Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations

SociologyChapter 10 Segregation—practices that physically separate a minority group from the dominant group Subjugation—the maintaining of control over a group through force Population Transfer—transferring a minority population to a new area Extermination—intentional destruction of the entire targeted population, known as genocide Section 2: Patterns of Intergroup Relations

SociologyChapter 10 Read to Discover What are the conditions under which minority groups in the United States live? How have government policies affected the lives of minority groups in the United States? Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

SociologyChapter 10 Question Under what conditions do minority groups in the United States live? Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

SociologyChapter 10 African Americans—More than 12 percent of the population; making gains toward equality, but statistics show members are lagging in education, employment, and income; becoming more politically active Hispanics—rapidly growing population; now country’s largest minority group; lagging in income and education; diverse population Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

SociologyChapter 10 Asian Americans—close to 4 percent of U.S. population; contrast between first-generation immigrants, who are often poor, and second- generation, many of whom succeed educationally and financially; viewed as a “model minority,” although this term is resented; diverse group Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

SociologyChapter 10 Native Americans—often live on reservations; high poverty and unemployment; poor education; encouraged to assimilate; taking steps to establish sources of income and better schools White Ethnics—includes some who assimilate quickly and others who remain victims of prejudice and discrimination; making gains in religious tolerance; good education level Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

SociologyChapter 10 Question How have government policies affected the lives of minority groups in the United States? Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States

SociologyChapter 10 Government Policies have both helped and hindered minorities. Section 3: Minority Groups in the United States Voting Rights Act of 1965 Indian Citizenship Act Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act Expanded Immigration Segregation Indian Reservations Japanese American Internment Camps during World War II Limited Immigration

SociologyChapter 10 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas 1.What characteristics are used to define race, ethnicity, and minority groups? 2.How are discrimination and prejudice related? 3.List and describe the seven most common patterns of minority treatment. 4.How are the experiences of African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and American Indians similar? How are they different? 5.Why have sociologists studied the experiences of white ethnics? 6.Analyze changes such as in food and business in the majority American culture resulting from adaptations to various American Indian cultures.