An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming.

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An algorithm is a step-by-step process. A computer program is a step-by-step set of instructions for a computer. Every computer program is an algorithm. Algorithms have a long history in science, technology, engineering and math.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming Early computers were far less complex than computers are today. Their memories were smaller and their programs were much simpler.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming They usually executed only one program at a time.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming Modern computers are smaller, but far more complex than early computers. The can execute many programs at the same time.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming Computer scientists have introduced the notion of objects and object- oriented programming to help manage the growing complexity of modern computers.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program. Numbers

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program. Text

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program. Pictures

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program. Sound

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data in a computer’s memory and manipulated by a computer program. Video

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object is anything that can be represented by data.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object can be something in the physical world or even just an abstract idea. An airplane, for example, is a physical object that can be manipulated by a computer.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming An object can be something in the physical world or even just an abstract idea. A bank transaction is an example of an object that is not physical.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming To a computer, an object is simply something that can be represented by data in the computer’s memory and manipulated by computer programs.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming The data that represent the object are organized into a set of properties. The values stored in an object’s properties at any one time form the state of an object. Name: PA 3794 Owner:US Airlines Location:39 52′ 06″ N 75 13′ 52″ W Heading:271° Altitude:19 m AirSpeed:0 Make:Boeing Model:737 Weight:32,820 kg

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming Computer programs implement algorithms that manipulate the data. In object-oriented programming, the programs that manipulate the properties of an object are the object’s methods.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming We can think of an object as a collection of properties and the methods that are used to manipulate those properties. Properties Methods

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming A class is a group of objects with the same properties and the same methods.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming Each copy of an object from a particular class is called an instance of the object.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming The act of creating a new instance of an object is called instantiation.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming A class can be thought of as a blueprint for instances of an object.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming Two different instances of the same class will have the same properties, but different values stored in those properties.

An Introduction to Programming Using Alice Object-Oriented Programming The same terminology is used in most object- oriented programming languages. Object Instance Property Method Instantiation Class State