Chapters 9 & 10

#1: Physical Patterns Fragmented region of islands, archipelagos, peninsulas, and seas Volcanoes – Mt. Fuji (Japan), Mt. Pinatubo (Philippines) Pacific Ring of Fire - Earthquake prone region, can lead to tsunamis (Japan 2011, Indonesia 2004) Typhoons – tropical storms (hurricanes in Atlantic Ocean) Climate - J/K (hot summers, cold winters); SE Asia (tropical, warm) El Nino – reoccurring phenomenon 2-7 yrs, air/water in Pacific reversed, causes drought/smog/wildlife problems

#2: Environmental Issues Response to Climate Crisis – Kyoto (Japan) Protocol (reduce greenhouse gases) Fisheries (Japan 2% population consumes 15% fish, overfishing & consume endangered marine life) Wet rice cultivation (terraces, intense human labor) Deforestation – 2 nd highest rate (after Africa), 5% of world’s forests but 25% of deforestation Slash and burn agriculture Commercial agriculture in SE Asia: rubber, palm oil, bananas, pineapples, tea, rice

#3: Economic & Political Issues Japan/South Korea/Most SE Asia – State aided market economies (assisted and supported by US/European countries) Export led growth relies heavily on production of manufactured goods for sale abroad North Korea/Vietnam/Laos – Communist

#4: ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations (created in 1967 as anti-Communist & anti-China) Promote regional trade/cooperation and strengthen economies while minimizing alignment with U.S. and Russia 10 nations – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam Very close to China, Japan, South Korea By 2020, want European style common market to eliminate barriers to trade and investment

#5: Urbanization Some of largest urban areas in the world: Tokyo & Osaka, Japan; Seoul, South Korea; & Jakarta, Indonesia. Japan – 86% in major coastal cities (mt inland), ports, overcrowding, pollution SE Asia – 60% in dense areas on coastlines, floodplains, river deltas; growing urban areas due to manufacturing

#6: Religions Mahayana/Therevada Buddhism ShintoAnimism Christianity Islam (Indonesia has more Muslims than any other country in the world!)

#7: Sociocultural Issues Japan – large elderly population with longest life expectancy (addressing problem with assisted living retirement homes), slow population growth, anti-immigrant SE Asia – young population but fertility rates are declining Vietnam – trying a 2 child policy

#8: Gender Issues Sex Tourism – sexual entertainment industry services men who travel for purpose of living out fantasies during a few weeks of vacation –Started in WWII, Korean War, Vietnam War era –Thailand – 14 million tourists and 70% look for sex –Illegal but creates jobs in informal sector (untaxed income) –Girls tricked into trade, gangs keep them there, can’t buy their freedom –Young as 12 year olds, service up to 10 clients per day –Physical abuse, HIV/AIDS is very high

#8 Gender Issues (continued) Feminization of labor – manufacturing industries (factories like garments, shoes, etc) and maid trade (domestic workers) –80-90% of workers in SE Asia are young, single women –Work for lower wages, least troublesome, don’t complain about poor/unsafe working conditions In SE Asia, families live near wife’s family, husbands defer to father-in-law, oldest living male passes power to husband of oldest daughter (not own son!)

#9: Wars with U.S. Involvement WWII ( ) –Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan Korean War ( ) –Communist concerns Vietnam War ( ) –Communist concerns –Agent Orange (chemical warfare) left lasting birth defects

#10: Threat of North Korea Rigid Communist country Kim Jong-il died in Dec Youngest son Kim Jong-un current President Huge military with emphasis on nuclear weapons and long range missile programs Canceled armistice agreement (been in place since Korean War) but US guarantees to defend SK Threatened pre-emptive nuclear strike on US and war with SK over UN sanctions (as punishment for NK’s 3 rd nuclear test) Could SK go nuclear in response? Then would Japan go nuclear? Dominoes…