CELLULAR RESPIRATION CHAPTER 9 SC B-3.2 Summarize the basic aerobic & anaerobic processes of cellular respiration & interpret the equation

Chapter 9 Section 1  Essential Question:  How would you distinguish the two main types of fermentation?

CELLULAR RESPIRATION  IS THE PROCESS THAT RELEASES ENERGY BY BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

Cellular Respiration Equation

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: 3 PARTS  IN CYTOPLASM (ANAEROBIC)  GLYCOLYSIS  (FERMENTATION in absence of oxygen)  IN MITOCHONDRIA (AEROBIC)  KREBS CYCLE (aka CITRIC ACID CYCLE)  ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN & CHEMIOSMOSIS

GLYCOLYSIS  GLUCOSE ENTERS CELL VIA FACILITATED DIFFUSION  performed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells  GLUC  GLUCOSE-6- PHOSPHATE    2 PYRUVATE (3-carbon molecule)  COSTS THE CELL 2 ATP BUT MAKES 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)  2 NAD+  2 NADH

GLYCOLYSIS

 WHAT IT NEEDS:  GLUCOSE  2 ATP  4 ADP + 4 P  2NAD+  WHAT IT MAKES:  2- PYRUVATES  2 ADP + 2 P  4 ATP  2 NADH

FERMENTATION  ANAEROBIC  IN CYTOPLASM  NADH  NAD+ (which is used again in glycolysis)  2 TYPES:  ALCOHOLIC YEAST BACTERIA  LACTIC ACID ANIMAL MUSCLE FIBERS

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Chapter 9 Section 2: Aerobic Respiration  Essential Question”  How is energy transferred through the various stages of aerobic cellular respiration?

Mitochondrial Structure

Structure of Mitochondria

KREBS CYCLE: occurs in matrix  2 PYRUVATE  ENTER MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX     6 CO 2  CITRIC ACID 1 ST CPD FORMED HENCE aka CITRIC ACID CYCLE  KREBS CYCLE PRODUCTS:  8 NAD+  8 NADH  2 FAD+  2 FADH 2  2 ATP  6 CO 2

FOR EACH MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE: know what comes out the Krebs Cycle

Krebs Cycle has many reactions (you do not need to know them) that releases the carbons from pyruvate as CO2 and transfers electrons & H+ to NAD+ and FAD  NADH & FADH2

What are NADH & FADH 2 ?  they are very similar to NADPH in photosynthesis  They carry electrons from Kreb’sCycle to electron transport chain (that’s all you need to know about them)

 From the Krebs Cycle, NADH & FADH 2 move to the inner membrane of the mitochondria (called the cristae) and transfer the electrons they are carrying to the electron transport chain in the cristae.  As the electrons move down the chain they lose energy some of which is used to move H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - 1  Electron transport chain activities aka oxidative phosphorylation  hi energy e- move thru a series of e- carrier molecules in the cristae  energy from 2 e- transported down the electron transport chain  moves H+ across the membrane into the intermembrane space (aka the outer membrane space)

Inner compartment = matrix outer compartment = intermembrane space (space between outer membrane of mitochondria and inner membrane or cristae

Another electron transport chain

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - 2  Chemiosmosis: process in which the energy generated by oxidative phosphorylation generates a proton gradient across the cristae that drives the enzymatic synthesis of ATP  The cristae contain proteins called ATP SYNTHASE which act as a H+ CHANNEL PROTEIN & as an enzyme: ATP SYNTHASE

Role of O 2  At the end of the e- transport chain O 2 picks up the e- and combines with H+ to form H 2 O

Animations of cellular respiration  1_CellularRespiration_Web/index.html 1_CellularRespiration_Web/index.html

Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration  captures energy from the Sun  occurs in chloroplast  reactants: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light  products: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  releases energy from food  occurs in mitochondrion  reactants: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  products: 6 CO H 2 O + 36 ATP PHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR RESPIRATION

More Animations!  student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs _cycle_works__quiz_2_.html student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs _cycle_works__quiz_2_.html