Friday, January 24 th, 2014 __________________________________________________________________________________ Daily Objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Explain the difference between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Describe the way in which energy is stored and released using ATP Entrance task: In your notebook, taking up a little less than half of the page, write out the equations on the board to the right.

What do you notice about the two equations?  How are they related?

Vocab Review  I have underlined the things that you should be sure to WRITE DOWN  I have underlined the things that you should be sure to WRITE DOWN

Autotrophs   Organisms that make their own food. They do not rely on other organisms to get nutrients Example: Plants

PHOTOAUTOTROPHS  Use Light energy from the sun to produce food

Heterotrophs  Organisms that obtain energy from the food they consume Example: a cow eats grass and grass is autotrophic

Producers and Consumers  Producers: The source of organic compounds for all nonautotrophic organisms  Consumers: Live on compounds produced by autotrophs.

Energy in general…

ATP  Everything that occurs in the cell is powered by chemical fuels  The main energy storage compound for living things is: ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE You gotta know this!!!

AdenineRibose3 Phosphate groups

ADP  Adenosine Diphosphate  Has 2 phosphates instead of 3  Cells can store energy by adding a phosphate group to ADP Molecules

This energy is used by the Cell for many different cell Processes ACTIVE TRANSPORT MOVEMENT Energy

Take the next 6-7 minutes to describe how ATP works… In your paragraph, explain what ATP is able to do, and how it accomplishes its job.

Tuesday, January 26 th 2015 __________________________________________________________________________________ Daily Objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Explain how the understanding of photosynthesis developed Entrance task: Grab a sheet off of the front stool and read through and label it.

III. Differences ATP  Efficient at transferring energy Glucose  Efficient at storing energy  Can store 90 times more energy than ATP

IV. Investigating Photosynthesis  Research into the processes of Photosynthesis began with a simple question…  How does a small seed become a towering tree???

IV. Investigating Photosynthesis  Van Helmont – 1600’s  Wanted to know if Plants take material from the soil.  Grew a plant for 5yrs.  Noticed that the mass of the soil really didn’t change.

  So where did the mass come from???

IV. Investigating Photosynthesis  Priestley – 1700’s  Took a candle and noticed this…  Noticed that if a plant was placed in the chamber, the flame took longer to die…

So what did the plants produce???

IV. Investigating Photosynthesis  Ingenhousz  Took Priestley’s Experiment and showed that plants only produce O 2 when exposed to light.  So what 3 things did these experiments link???

IV. Investigating Photosynthesis  So the main point is…  These experiments showed that plants use CO 2 and H 2 O to make O 2 and Carbohydrates.  What Organelle is responsible???

__________________________ Fill in the blanks

V. Photosynthesis  Carbon dioxide + water sugar + oxygen 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

Tuesday, January 27 th, 2015 _________________________________________________________ Daily Objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Explain how plant cells use photosynthesis to produce their own food. Entrance Activity: Please quietly Draw and Label a chloroplast in your notebook. (It should take up about half a page.) A chloroplast can be found on Page 233. When you are finished, please review your notes from yesterday. Please have out your homework, but do not turn it in yet…

VI. Plant Structure  Plants also need a way to absorb the light. Light absorbing molecules are called pigments. In plants, the pigment is called chlorophyll.  Chlorophyll absorb light in the blue and red wavelengths.

VI. Plant Structure Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b

Photosynthesis is….  The use of light energy to produce high energy molecules like glucose Does photosynthesis transform light into food?

1. Light-dependent reactions Thylakoid : uses light and water to produce oxygen and high energy carriers (ATP) 2. Light-independent reactions stroma (Calvin cycle): Uses ATP and CO 2 to produce high energy sugars. These sugars are able to store energy better than ATP and. VII. Two parts to photosynthesis

HIGH ENERGY CARRIERS  ATP = adenosine triphosphate  NADPH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADPH  When NADP+ picks up a hydrogen ion from the water taken in during photosynthesis, it traps high energy electrons in the bond between NADP and H

Light Reaction (Thylakoid)  Sunlight and water enter the chloroplast  The sunlight excites high energy electrons in the chlorophyll and water molecules are broken into Hydrogen ions (H+) and O 2 molecules  The oxygen is released and  NADP+ picks up 2 high energy electrons and a hydrogen to become NADPH  ADP + P also picks up a high energy electron to become ATP  Both carriers now move out of the Thylakoid and into the Stroma of the chloroplast

The Dark Reaction: Calvin Cycle  In the stroma, CO 2 from the atmosphere, NADPH, and ATP are used to make high energy sugars

Wednesday, January 28 th, 2015 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… Review the reactants and products of photosynthesis Entrance Task: Have out your Homework please. Be describing it to one other human.

Thursday, January 29 th, 2015 YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE OUT THE OBJECTIVE TODAY!! Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… Review the reactants and products of photosynthesis Entrance Task: Please grab a sheet from the stool. Using your book and with help from the person next to you, answer the questions under the gray box, please.

Photosynthesis (Draw)

1.Water 2.Temperature (0 o C to 35 o C is optimal) 3.Intensity of light VII. Factors that affect photosynthesis

Friday, January 30 th 2015 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… Demonstrate your understanding of Cellular Respiration Entrance Task: Please have your homework out. In your notebook, please draw and label figure 9-3 on page 253

Recap

Tuesday, February 3 rd 2015 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… Describe the connections between glucose, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport chain in creating ATP Entrance Task: What is the point of cellular respiration?

Cellular Respiration  Process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

Overview  Formula 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy

Wednesday, February 5 th 2015 __________________________________________________________________________________ Daily Objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Explain the connections between photosynthesis and cellular respiration Entrance task: Have out your dream sheet and your course catalogue.

Thrursday, February 5 th 2015 __________________________________________________________________________________ Daily Objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Explain the connections between photosynthesis and cellular respiration Entrance task: If you did not get your sheet signed yesterday, have it out on your desk. Be studying Photosynthesis and CR.

  PHOTOSYNTHESIS GLUCOSE   C6H12O6CO2O2 OXYGEN   CELLULAR RESPIRATION H20   WATERSUGAR SUNLIGHT   ATPFOOD

QUIZ TIIIIME: 1.What are the 2 products of Cellular Respiration? 2.What are the 2 reactants of Cellular respiration? 3.What are the 2 reactants of Photosynthesis? 4.What are the 2 products of photosynthesis? 1.ORRRR…. Draw a picture that shows the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis that includes all the items on the left.

Broken up into separate processes

Putting Chemical Energy to Work 25% 75% 40% 60% Input Output

The Basic Process Cell Glycolysis in the cytoplasm: Glucose is broken in half to Pyruvate and NAD Picks up a H+ and Electrons Mitochondria Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

1 st - Glycolysis Glucose Pyruvate 2 ADP + 2 P ATP 2 2NAD + electrons 2NADH Fermentation or The Krebs Cycle New buddy!!

1 st - Glycolysis  What are the products of glycolysis? What is made?  2 pyruvic acid  2 molecules of ATP  2 NADH molecules take high energy electrons to the electron transport chain inside the mitochondria glycolysis glycolysis

2 nd -The Krebs Cycle  If Oxygen is available, pyruvic acid passes to the second stage of cellular respiration, the Krebs Cycle  What vocabulary word means “requires Oxygen?”

Krebs Cycle  Pyruvic acid is converted to citric acid, CO 2, ATP and carrier molecules NADH and FADH 2 take the high energy electrons to the ETC

The Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport  The ETC uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP

Recap…  What goes into CR?  What comes out of CR?  What is transferred in between?

Friday, February 6 th 2015 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… Same as yesterday. You do not need to rewrite them. Entrance Task: Please open your book to pg 264 and read through the lab. 1.What is the question we will be investigating? 2.What is an indicator?

1. Read through the CR lab… Write a hypothesis 2. The PS and CR foldable… Use chapters 8 and 9 in your book to complete it. (starts on page 226) 3. We will fold it up on Monday.

Monday, February 3 rd, 2014 Daily Objective: By the end of today, you should be able to… YOU DO NOT NEED TO REWRITE THIS TODAY Demonstrate your understanding of Photosynthesis and CR Entrance Task: Please have out your study guide and box review You will have 5 minutes to study and then we will take our assessment… When you finish, you can work on wrapping up the foldable.

Monday, February 9 th, 2015 __________________________________________________________________________________ Daily Objective: By the end of today I should be able to… Review and summarize the connections between two energy transfer processes Entrance task: Have out your lab from Friday. Open your book to page 264. ReRead through the whole lab procedure. What are we testing for? What is bromthymol blue an indicator for? YOU DO NOT NEED TO WRITE ANY OF THIS DOWN TODAY

In your notebook… O Complete the analysis questions on the back (save the conclusion)… O Write out a quick paragraph summarizing what you did in this lab. O Create a bar graph of your data. O Have out your foldable…