22 Sept  Does air have mass?  Agenda  Unit 3 Calendar  Van Helmont  Intro Photosynthesis  Homework  none

Does air have mass? YES!

Light PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Reactions Calvin Cycle Build Sugar

Overall reaction for photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen CO 2 + H 2 O + C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Draw a picture of this on a white board Light

Photosynthesis Makes glucose for the plant

23 Sept  Opening:  Where in a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?  Agenda  Light Reactions & Calvin Cycle  Photosynthesis Annotation/ Model  Homework  Finish your model  Formative Quiz Tomorrow

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

Light PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Reactions Calvin Cycle Build Sugar

Light Reactions  Chlorophyll captures a photon of light and uses it to excite an electron.  That high-energy electron is used to make high-energy molecules that run the Calvin Cycle.  Water is split (releasing O 2 )to provide more electrons to continue the process.

Calvin Cycle  Carbon dioxide + the high energy molecules from the light reactions are used to create a simple sugar.  The plant uses that simple sugar to:  Power its cells  Build structures (roots, stems, leaves)  Store energy

24 Sept  Opening:  What does a plant do with the sugar that it makes?  Agenda  Modeling activity  Artificial Photosynthesis  Homework  none

Artificial Photosynthesis   Photo:

25 Sept  Opening:  Agenda  Photosynthesis/Respiration  Cellular Respiration Demo  Intro Cellular Respiration  Homework  none

Cellular Respiration Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP) C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy (ATP) Occurs in and around mitochondria

Mitochondria are everywhere animal cells plant cells

ATP What is energy in biology? Adenosine TriPhosphate

Can’t store ATP  too unstable  only used in cell that produces it  only short term energy storage  carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage Using ATP to do work A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second ATP ADP work Adenosine DiPhosphate Adenosine TriPhosphate

26 Sept  Opening:  What is chlorophyll’s role in photosynthesis ?  Agenda  Life: Plants  Homework

29 Sept  Agenda:  Stages of Respiration  Homework

A track athlete finds that during her 1 mile-races she always “dies” in last lap. (1 mile = 4 laps around the track) While walking around the mall with some friends she sees a vendor selling bottles of pure ATP. Interested, she starts to talk to the vendor. He tells her, “You get tired because her body is busy making ATP. If you take this pure ATP, your cells won’t have to go through respiration, and you’ll have more energy to finish your race. It’s totally legal because your body makes it naturally.” She thinks back to what she learned in biology class, and his explanation seems to make sense to her, but she’s hesitant. Think about what you learned in Biology class and answer the following. 1.Do you think the stuff will work? Explain. 2. Do you think she should buy the bottle? Why or why not?

Glycolysis  Sugar is split, releasing a little ATP and two pyruvate molecules that enter the Krebs Cycle.  Takes place outside the mitochondria.  Does not require Oxygen.

Krebs Cycle  The products from glycolysis (pyruvate) go through a series of reactions  These reactions release  CO 2  a little ATP  high energy electrons After Krebs Cycle, all the Carbon from sugar has been converted to CO 2

Electron Transport Chain  A series of reactions that use high-energy electrons from glycolysis and Krebs  Only works if Oxygen is present  Releases H 2 O & a lot of ATP

C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy (ATP) -From Glucose -Released during Krebs -From O 2 -Released during ETC Released from glycolysis, Krebs, & ETC

30 Sept  Agenda:  Fermentation  Review  Homework:  Test on Thursday

What if oxygen is missing?  No oxygen available = can’t complete aerobic respiration  Anaerobic respiration  also known as fermentation  alcohol fermentation  lactic acid fermentation  can only make very little ATP  large animals cannot survive O2O2 yeast bacteria

Anaerobic Respiration  Fermentation  alcohol fermentation  yeast  glucose  ATP + CO 2 + alcohol  make beer, wine, bread  lactic acid fermentation  bacteria, animals  glucose  ATP + lactic acid  bacteria make yogurt  Animal muscle cells go through L.A. fermentation, but brain cells can’t. O2O2

Practice short answer questions  Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are related.  Respiration and photosynthesis are related in that the outputs from one process are used as the inputs for the other. Photosynthesis uses the CO 2 and H 2 0 from cellular respiration to make glucose and O 2 which, in turn is used to drive Cellular respiration.  Explain why it is not enough for organisms to eat food in order to function. Why do we need to go through the process of Cellular Respiration?  Our cells cannot directly use the food we eat to complete cellular functions. Our cells rely on ATP to act as the energy molecule that drives cellular function. Cellular respiration uses the energy in food to create ATP for our cells to use.

30 Sept  Agenda:  Review for Exam  Homework:  Test Tomorrow