War with Spain Chapter 23, Section 2

Tension in Cuba 1868 Cuban’s were rebelling against the Spanish Empire Puerto Rican Lola Rodriguez de Tio wrote patriotic poems in support of Cuban independence Jose Marti raised funds and gave speeches in support of Cuban independence Newspaper-Patria

Tension in Cuba Cont. After hiding in New York Jose Marti returned to Cuba launching a new fight- Cuba Libre Killed early on in battle Won much control of the island Burned sugar cane fields and sugar mills Rebels killed workers who opposed them and blew up passenger trains

Tension in Cuba Cont. In response Spain sent over a new governor General Valeriano Weyler (Way ee lair) Reconcentration- his men moved about half a million Cubans into detention camps so they could not aid the rebels About 100,000 Cubans in reconcentration camps died from starvation and disease.

American Opinion Splits US had economic links 50 million in Cuban Sugar and Rice Plantations, railroads, tobacco, and iron mines American trade with Cuba was worth about 100 million a year Business Leaders opposed American involvement Didn’t want to loose any business Hurt Foreign Trade Other Americans sympathized with Cuban desires for freedom

Americans Call for War Newspaper began looking for sympathy? Joseph Pulitzer’s –World Randolph Hearst’s – Journal Spanish cruelty and wartime acts Reconcentration Yellow Journalism Reporting that relied on sensational stories and headlines Sell Papers- Action!

“Remember the Maine” 1898 Fighting broke out in Havana, the Cuban Capital President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property Feb. 15, in Havana harbor a huge explosion ripped through the ship. Explosion killed at least 260 of the 350 American sailors and officers on board. Yellow press- “The Warship Maine split in two by an enemy’s secret infernal machine?” Real Cause?

The Spanish-American War April 25, 1898 Congress declared war on Spain Lasted four months Caribbean to the distant Philippine Islands off the coast of Southeast Asia Started in the Philippines Conquered the Philippines with help from the Filipino rebel Emilio Aguinaldo Captured Manila

War in Cuba American fleet also landed in Cuba Theodore Roosevelt was really excited! Economic benefits of an island so close Rough Riders First volunteer Calvary regiment Cowboys to college students Buffalo Soldiers African American members of the 9th and 10th cavalry

War in Cuba Cont. Key Cuban City Santiago They needed San Juan Heights Battle of San Juan Hill Two days later destroyed the fleet in Santiago Bay Spanish Surrender Claimed Puerto Rico August 12- Spain was Defeated!! Americans life lost 379 killed 5,000 other Yellow fever, typhoid, and malaria

The Debate Over Empire Peace Treaty in Paris in December 1898 Gave Cuba its freedom Plus two: Puerto Rico and Guam Sold Philippines for $20 million Before the treaty was approved Americans spoke out Treaty was in direct violation with American principles of democracy by turning the United States into a colonial power

The Debate Over Empire Expansionists said the navy needed bases in the Caribbean and the pacific Philippines and Puerto Rico offered new territory for American businesses Christianize the Filipinos Narrowly approved

Ruling an Empire Cuba: “leave the government and control of (Cuba) to its people” Cuba wrote their own constitution Platt Amendment Allowed U.S. to intervene in Cuba American protectorate A nation whose independence is limited by the control of a more powerful country Pulled army out in 1902 Returned in 1906, 1917

Ruling an Empire Puerto Rico: U.S. Set up government under the Foraker Act Limited say in their own affairs 1917 citizens of the United States U.S. set up schools, healthcare, built roads P.R. still wanted to be free of foreign rule

Ruling an Empire Emilio Aguinaldo- lead Filipinos to revolt against the American Empire Fought along the U.S. in the Spanish American War U.S. accused Emilio from keeping the Filipinos from attaining “the same rights that the American people proclaimed more than a century ago.” First all out Asian War Dragged on for years 60,000 American Troops Aguinaldo was captured 1901 Set-up a government similar to Puerto Rico 1946- Filipinos governed themselvs