Journal #1:  Take out your HW and journals!  1. Why study history?  2. What tools do historians use to study history?  Primary Sources: Firsthand accounts from the time period  3. What primary source from your own life did you choose and why?

Question  Do advancements in technology improve or worsen our lives? Why? Defend your answer with a reason (argument).

Industrialization  Look at the map on pg. 281:  Which country do you think industrialized first?  Why? What factors lead to industrialization?

The Industrial Revolution  Began in England in the 1700s  Industrialization: Shift from making products by hand to making them by machines  Requires land, labor (people to work), capital (money), and natural resources (rivers, forests…)  Good economy and stable government  Leads to mass production  New inventions, transportation

Primary Source Group Work  Are your documents mainly positive or negative effects of industrialization?  Compare the Industrial Revolution to today’s Digital Revolution/globalization.

Progress and Plight  Urbanization: Growth of cities  Factories near water sources  Working class:  Poor living conditions  Poor working conditions  Growth of the middle class  Long-term effects:  Improved standard of living, access to consumer goods

Today

Three Major Themes/Ideas  Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods  Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history)  Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially

Chocolate Riddle  When you think of great chocolate, what countries do you think of?  Where does chocolate come from?

“The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire” 1.What do you know about the British Empire? 2. Take a guess: what do you think this quote means? Hint: Look at the map on pg. 337 of your textbook

British Empire at the Height of its Power 1920’s ¼ of world’s pop.

Rule, Britannia! Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves Britons never, never, never shall be slaves. Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves. Britons never, never, never shall be slaves.

Imperialism  Imperialism: Seizure (taking) of a country or territory (land) by a stronger country  Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially  Primary Sources: Discover the three main causes of imperialism

Vocabulary:  Nationalism  Social Darwinism  Paternalism  Assimilation  Racism

Argument Writing  Which cause—social, political, or economic—was most responsible for imperialism in the late 1800s?  Write a short response to turn in.  Format to follow:  T: Topic sentence  I: Introduce main point and evidence  Q: Quote from the document  A: Analyze the quote or your evidence

Three Corners Discussion

Choose your country for the Berlin Conference simulation…  Portugal: Izzy, Isabelle, Madden, Emily  Britain: Carly, Rachel, Bonnie, Raven  France: Colin, Brandon, Henry, Michael  Belgium: Addie, Tyler, Corinne, Tesla  Germany: Colin, Jake, Colin, Jared  Italy: Keara, Hailey, Hannah, Nolan

Choose your country for the Berlin Conference…  Portugal:  Britain:  France:  Belgium:  Germany:  Italy:

 1. If you wanted to control someone smaller or weaker than you, how could you do it? What methods might you use?  2. What might happen to them after you have dominated their lives?  3. Is this ever morally justified (morally right)? Why or why not?

Scramble for Africa  European countries want to build empires!  How it starts: Explorers and missionaries, trade  Then: Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s)  How did Europeans take control?  Technology: Maxim gun, steamboat  Medicine: Quinine for malaria  Took advantage of: African diversity, rivalries  Berlin Conference ( ) to prevent wars

Africa Before and After 1870 c. 1914

Where?  Not just Africa  Britain in India, trading in China  French and Dutch in Southeast Asia  US in the Philippines and Hawaii  Not just Europeans  Japan took over Korea in 1910

Forms of control  The Name of the Game: Empire Building  Types of imperialism:  Colony: Foreign power governs  Protectorate: Foreign power controls government  Sphere of influence: Foreign power has trade privileges  Economic Imperialism: Foreign business controls econ.  Forms of control:  Direct: No self-rule, no local leaders in government  Indirect: Limited self-rule of local leaders

 Based on your research for homework last night, how powerful do you think your country is?  Do you think your country will be successful in getting as much of the best territory as it can at the Berlin Conference today?

Berlin Conference Simulation  Order for choosing territory:  1. Portugal  2. Britain  3. France  4. Belgium  5. Germany  6. Italy Spaces off-limits: Liberia (everyone) and Ethiopia (except for Italy)

Journal #6: Where in the World?  Guess the country! Explain your guess.  Clues:  The world’s largest democracy  Main religions:  Hindus (80%)  Muslims (13%)  Other (Christian, Sikh): 7%  16 official languages, including English  Capital city is New Delhi  Raise your hand if you would like one extra hint!

Answer: India

Europeans in the Middle East  Decline of the Ottoman Empire  Geopolitics: Taking strategically located land  Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory  “Great Game” between Britain and Russia over Afghanistan  Egypt modernizes: Suez Canal leads to British control of Egypt  Russian, British spheres of interest in Persia—for oil

Southeast Asia  Dutch East India Company in Indonesia  Rubber plantations and other cash crops  British in Malaysia  French in Indochina (Vietnam)  Rice production  Siam (Thailand) remained independent  King Mongkut plays France and Britain and modernizes  US in the Philippines, Hawaii (interest in sugar)  Hawaii annexed in 1898

Imperialism in India  Decline of Mughal Empire in the 1700s  British make deals with maharajahs  British East India Company sets up trading posts  Cash crops: Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and opium to trade with China (for tea)  “Jewel in the crown” of colonies  What does this mean?  Decline in local handloom textile industry

Sepoy Rebellion (1857)  Sepoy Mutiny/India’s First War of Independence led to the Raj (direct British government control)  Sepoys: Indian soldiers  Upset by a rumor that new cartridges for rifles would use cow and pig fat  Problem for the rebellion: the division between Hindus and Muslims  Film Study: Mangel Pandey, The Rising Film Study: Mangel Pandey, The Rising 

Questions for viewing the film  1. Why is Mangal Pandey considered India’s first national hero?  2. What does Mangal Pandey mean when he says, “We are all untouchables in our own land”?  Untouchables: Lowest caste of Indian society  3. What does Captain William Gordon warn will happen if the British execute Mangal Pandey?

 Do you think imperialism exists today? Why or why not? Give examples.

Japanese Imperialism  Europeans were not the only imperialists  Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) ends Japanese isolation and opens ports for trade  Meiji emperor modernizes the country  Industry, education, military buildup  Becomes the strongest military power in Asia and sought to control neighbors, especially Korea

Conflicts  Sino-Japanese War (1895):  Japan vs. China in Korea  Results:  Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains land in Manchuria  Gains colonies in Taiwan  Russo-Japanese War (1905):  Japan vs. Russia in Manchuria and Korea  Results:  Japan drives Russia out of Korea and holds Manchuria

Japan in Korea  1905: Made Korea a protectorate  1910: Annexed Korea, bringing them officially under Japan’s control  Forced Koreans to assimilate to Japanese culture  Unfair treatment of Koreans leads to a strong nationalist movement