UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Statistics and Cultural Policy Simon Ellis Head of Culture Science and Communications

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS What is culture? Some UNESCO views l Heritage including non-material è Preserve and promote l Cultural and linguistic diversity è Support and strengthen

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS National policy requirements l Measuring the value of culture è Economic and social l Maintaining and growing diversity è Eg. measures of variability and distribution l Adaptation of national statistics to be culturally sensitive (NZ)

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Sectoral definitions l Creative industries (UK) è includes Advertising, Architecture, ICTs è May include sport l Intellectual Property è Includes all with IPR l Cultural industries è Does not include Advertising, Architecture è UNESCO favoured

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Traditional statistics 1 l Participation l Tourism l Visits to »Museums »events

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Traditional Statistics 2 l Trade in goods l More information on copyrights, craft, e-commerce, audiovisual (trade features films not accurately measured)

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS A new approach?? l Use/social impact of culture l Economic impact of culture l Surveys with cultural values (NZ)

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Defining and capturing the flows of global cultural trade l Music, books, crafts, films and many other cultural goods and services move across international borders, creating a complex picture of cultural trade flows. l Cultural and creative industries alone are estimated to account for over 7% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). INTERNATIONAL FLOWS OF SELECTED CULTURAL GOODS AND SERVICES, : Joint UIS, culture sector publication, available September 2005

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Some results for LAC l LAC share of world trade in core cultural goods gained one percentage point between 1994 and 2002, though quite low at 3%. l MERCOSUR decline in exports »from US$ million in 1994 to US$ million in »explained by shrinkage in exports of books, newspapers and periodicals. »Countries such as Argentina and Chile, which were key producers in books until the early 1990s, faced a substantial drop in their exports from 2000 onwards.

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Exports by region of core cultural goods, 2002

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Imports by region of core cultural goods, 2002

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Total trade partners of Brazilian imports of core cultural goods, 2003

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Total trade partners - Brazilian exports of core cultural goods, 2003

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Cultural goods issues l ‘antiques’ whose culture? l Varying customs regulations è Limit or encourage trade? è Definition of ‘craft’

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Some strategies for cultural statistics Finding a way to open up the puzzle l Cultural goods > craft production > assessing cultural and economic value l Participation > tourists > domestic visitors > local producers l Standards; cultural, creative or IPR?

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Asia-Pacific Creative Communities study Module I l Economic Impact - Value Added of Core-Copyright l Industries l [Relevant industries include: Press and Literature, Music, Theatrical Production and Operas, Motion Picture and Video, Radio and Television, Photography, Visual and Graphic Arts, Advertising Services] Module II l Economic Indicators for Manufacturing l Cultural industries l [Relevant industries include: Design and Craft] Module III l Socio-Economic Impact - Employment in the Cultural sector Module IV l Social Impact l Cultural Consumption, l Cultural Participation

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Cultural Goods Crafts – their contribution to culture and growth l Standard Industry Classification systems group manufactured goods and crafts together without regard to cultural value (e.g. furniture or apparel). l Crafts are culturally significant and like design activities, they »add value to goods whose primary function is not aesthetic. also »draw on traditional cultural assets. »given rise to specific intellectual property regimes and labeling tools such as “appellation of origin” and “geographical indication”.

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Social impact and participation l Tourist visitors > domestic visitors l Events è Tourists è Domestic è Local producers > crafts l Collection problems è Different ministries organise sites/events and collect visitor revenue è Private sector

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Standards l Capturing recent changes in culture and creativity è Eg ICTs, and Internet > creativity and technology è Globalisation – making it an opportunity l ‘Resolving’ creativity v. culture debate l Addressing ‘quality’ values in a quantitative framework (eg CV approach)

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Questions l Which policy drivers? è Measuring economic/social value è Diversity è Making stats/services culturally sensitive l Which strategy? è Cultural goods and crafts è Participation and social impact è Modernising standards

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS

UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Methodological issues l Paucity of trade data on cultural services l Classification issues. In this regard, the identification of cultural products within the international classifications system would be of great value. l Due to the special nature of cultural products, need to look beyond the current customs or balance of payments data. More information on copyrights, craft, e-commerce, audiovisual (trade features films not accurately measured)