The War at Home Congress gives Power to Wilson * War Industries Board Established to regulate the economy in the interests of the war effort * The Railroad Administration Controlled the nations railroads * The Fuel Administration Monitored coal supplies and rationed gas and oil Individuals volunteered other energy saving activities such as “Gasless Sundays” What measure did the Fuel Administration introduce in order to conserve energy? * Daylight Savings Time

War Economy National War Labor Board Deal with disputes between management and labor Wages in some industries increased while in other industries they decreased Purchasing power decreased, inflation increased. Stagnant wages vs. rising prices

The War at Home How did the National War Labor Board improve working conditions? Pushed for an 8 hr. work day Urged factory owners to allow safety inspections Pressured manufactures to observe the federal ban on child labor

The War at Home How did the National War labor Board support the War effort Food Administration: help produce and conserve food. Introducing alternatives to rationing for example… “Meatless day…Sweetless two days and etc.” Encouraged to plant “Victory Gardens” Homeowners and Schoolchildren participated Farmers planted more acres of crops to meet Allied demands Demand for Labor brought greater number of women into the workforce

Selling the War War Financing War Bonds and Bond Drives Utilized war veterans and heroes, politicians and celebrities to raise money for the war effort Government raised income and excise taxes

Selling the War Committee on Public Information First propaganda agency To popularize the War Mobilized artists and advertising people

The Home Front The Flu epidemic About 500,000 Americans died Fall of 1918-1919 World wide flu out-break Origin of the outbreak has been debated Some say it started in France, Spain, and also the US. About 500,000 Americans died About 40,000,000 died world wide

The Work towards Peace Wilson at Versailles Wilson formally presents his plan known as the 14 points. Divided into 3 groups that addressed Causes for war Specific boundary changes (based on self-determination) The 14th point called for a creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises

The Treaty of Versailles 1. Germany accepts sole responsibility for war 2. Germany ordered to pay massive reparations despite economic deprivation 3. League of Nations is established with collective security concept to stop aggression.

Europe After Versailles

The Work towards Peace Allies reject Wilson’s Plan “Make Germany Pay” France invaded twice by Germany in 50 years “To the Victor goes the Spoils of War” France, Italy, & Great Britain worked out the peace themselves Wilson concedes all but one point The creation of the League of Nations

American debate over treaty Republicans had won control of Congress in 1918 and many were opposed to his plans Treaty was criticized in Congress for Article X, which called for American troops to be placed under the command of League of Nations officers In an attempt to win support from the country, Wilson embarked on a nationwide speaking tour. Suffered collapse and stroke. Senate rejected the Treaty. Unwilling to give up tradition of nonalignment and to commit the U.S. to collective international action.

Legacy of the War Exposed the heterogeneity of the American people and the dvisions among them. Government intervened in the economic and influenced people's lives to an extent never done previously. U.S. is now the world's leading economic power and largest trading nation. International system that came into being was unstable, fragmented, and lacked American cooperation Civil liberties restricted in attempt to achieve unity Ended Progressivism and brought mood of cynicism and discouragement to American intellectuals