Global DNA Database Expansion The policy, politics, and statistics promoting rapid Presented by: Tim Schellberg, President Gordon Tomas Honeywell Governmental Affairs Washington, DC (202) 258-2301 Tacoma, WA (253) 620-6500 Bangkok, Thailand 12 November, 2010

Washington, DC Tacoma, Washington

DNA - The Fingerprint of the 21st Century Interpol Handbook on DNA Data Exchange & Practice Nearly all Countries have DNA capacity - Countries performing DNA profiling Countries not performing DNA profiling Countries whose profiling status is unknown

Convicted/Arrested Offender DNA Capacity is not enough: Offender DNA databases is the key component to realize the crime fighting potential of a DNA program Convicted/Arrested Offender Forensic Evidence Offender DNA Database

Why larger database are necessary Offender database size controls the “hit rates” Estimates No offenders 0% Sex offenders 5% Sex offenders & Violent offenders ____ _______ 10% Sex offenders, Violent offenders and Property crimes _______20% All crimes 45% All arrestees 60% Whole Population________________________________ _ 90-99%?

Why non-violent crimes Lessons from the DNA Program in Virginia Approximately 80% of hits would have been missed if the Databank was limited to only violent offenders Approximately 40% of violent crimes solved were perpetrated by individuals with previous property crime convictions DNA Databanks are most effective with inclusion of at least all felons and applied to all forms of cases

Mature Databases – They solve crime United Kingdom Over 5 million offender samples Nearly 60% hit rates 1,700 hits per week United States Over 8 million offender samples Over 40% hit rates Over 116,000 cases aided China Over 5 Million offender samples in just a few years Aggressive goal to stop all crime in China

United States Legislative focus on changing laws from convicted offenders to arrestees Until recently the United States focused just on convicted offenders In 2004 only 3 states collected DNA from arrested criminals Today, 24 states collected DNA from arrested criminals Laws allow for profile destruction if not convicted – Compare to the United Kingdom law. President Obama announces support of arrestee testing. New federal legislation to promote arrestee testing in the states http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid70069263001?bclid=6 9917219001&bctid=70456124001

Offender DNA databases Produces benefits beyond solving crimes Helps to prevent more crime The Trigueiro serial murder case from Belo Horizante exemplifies how DNA prevents crime and is positioned to be the case that causes Brazil to pass DNA database legislation. Helps to exonerate the innocent Innocence Project in U.S. has exonerated 255 individuals using DNA. Cost/benefit Spend less money solving more crime

Marcos AntunesTrigueiro, serial murderer Families of Mr. Trigueiro’s victims

Who has implemented offender databases so far? 38 countries have IMPLEMENTED offender databases to date Estimated 25 million offender samples worldwide Australia Jordan Austria Latvia Barbados Netherlands Belarus New Zealand Belgium Macedonia Canada Norway Chile Portugal China Slovenia Croatia Slovakia Cyprus Singapore Denmark South Korea Estonia Spain Finland Sweden France Switzerland Germany Taiwan Hong Kong United Arab Emirates Hungary Israel UK Japan USA

The World is Positioning for Explosive Growth of Offender DNA Database Programs The 30% as of 2010 includes the 35 countries that have implemented nationwide offender databasing, plus the four countries that have passed, but not yet implemented (Russia, Malaysia, Italy, Greece). Who could be next? India Turkey Peru Brazil Thailand Saudi Arabia Pakistan Italy (Leg passed) Malaysia (Leg Passed) Nigeria South Africa Russia (Leg Passed) Colombia Mexico Argentina Vietnam Kenya

The Final Say in DNA Databases Decisions to create offender DNA databases are controlled by top Government officials and legislative entities They will consider issues such as convicted vs. arrestee

Summary of Key International DNA Database Policy Issues Choosing CODIS Arrestee Databases Familial Searching Significant benefits - UK has used it 185 times and has solved 33 serious crimes Privacy concerns causing limited use International Sharing

Countries using CODIS The map below denotes thirty-four (34) countries across the globe that are employing CODIS technology. Argentina ♦ Australia ♦ Belgium ♦ Bosnia ♦ Botswana ♦ Brazil ♦ Canada ♦ Cayman Islands ♦ Chile ♦ Colombia ♦ Croatia ♦ Czech Republic ♦ Denmark ♦ Estonia ♦ Finland ♦ France ♦ Greece ♦ Hong Kong ♦ Hungary ♦ Korea ♦ Iceland ♦ Israel ♦ Italy ♦ Latvia ♦ Lithuania ♦ Netherlands ♦ Norway ♦ Poland ♦ Portugal ♦ Singapore ♦ Slovakia ♦ Spain ♦ Sweden ♦ Switzerland

Arrestee Collection and Destruction Policy Most countries are moving to arrestee testing Nearly all countries will be requiring profile destruction if not convicted. The Singapore approach to place the burden of destruction on the offender The impact of the Marper Decision – A recent European Uniion Court case promoting profile and sample destruction for arrestee testing if not convicted

The Prüm Treaty A lesson in International Forensic Cooperation Prüm, Germany (Western Germany) Treaty signed May, 2005

How Prüm Works (Cont’d) TESTA Network Credit: Dr. Kees van der Beek

Building the Future Thailand DNA Database Program

Sharing the DNA Database Legislative Experience Building your policy based on global experience Offender requirements Privacy concepts Matching and other technical standards Software options International Matching Familial Searching Expungement Information is essential to overcoming the political and media debate Policy based on sound data Strong Arguments

The World Map Project (WMP): A valuable DNA database policy resource Comprehensive, countries-specific data including: Legislation Type of databases Annual reports Media Technical and lab capacity information Value of WMP: International sharing of ideas and data Healthy competition Momentum All of the above is needed to move legislators forward in policy-making decisions.

DNA.GOV

Thank You www.dnaresource.com tims@gth-gov.com