Section 1: A New Deal Fights the Depression Chapter 15 The New Deal Section 1: A New Deal Fights the Depression

Objectives… - Describe the goals of the New Deal. - Identify the key programs of the New Deal and explain how these programs attempted to provide solutions to the social and economic problems associated with the Great Depression.

FDR the Man… Aristocratic family Believed government could make peoples lives better. 1921: Stricken with Polio… 1932: Elected 32nd President The only 4 term President

Franklin D. Roosevelt Democrat New York 1933-1945

“Once I spent two years in bed trying to move my big toe… After that anything else seems easy” - FDR

First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt The most active First Lady in U. S First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt The most active First Lady in U.S. history.

Eleanor Roosevelt FDR’s “social conscience”& advisor Supports minorities & the poor Writes, speaks & travels as the “eyes & ears” of FDR

FDR promises America… FDR promises… - a “new deal”… - “bold and persistent experimentation”…

The Election of 1932

The Democrats win both houses of Congress. The Election of 1932 FDR Hoover Electoral Vote: 472 59 Popular Vote: 23m 15.7m Percentage: 57.4% 39.7% The Democrats win both houses of Congress.

Inauguration Day 1933…

1933 Inaugural Address FDR was symbol of confidence and hope for Americans… “The only thing we have to fear,… is fear itself”

The Election of 1932

I & E: 20th Amendment The “Lame Duck” amendment A person who continues to hold office after his or her replacement has been elected.

I & E: Brain Trust”…

What were the three main focuses of the New Deal?... What was the New Deal?... What were the three main focuses of the New Deal?... The 3 Rs… R______

The New New Deal

The New Deal

I & E: The Hundred Days…

Why were Roosevelt’s Fireside chats significant?...

The idiom “prime the pump” To do something in order to make something succeed, especially to spend money Get the economy going: - Lower taxes - Spend money - Deficit spending

Federal Program What was the immediate purpose? ... What was the long term goal? ... Business Assistance & Reform Emergency Banking Act Glass-Steagall Banking Act (1933) Federal Securities Act National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Farm Relief/ Rural Develop. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Employment Projects Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Public Works Administration Civil Works Administration (CWA) Housing Home Owners Loan Corporation

Emergency Banking Relief Act What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Authorized the Treasury Dept. to inspect and close banks To restore the public confidence in banks

Glass-Steagall Banking Act What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Established the Federal Insurance Corporation Reassured Americans that their money was safe!

Federal Securities Act What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Requires corporations to provide complete and truthful information about their stock offerings. Restore American confidence in the stock market. Leads to the Securities and Exchange Commission which sets rules against investors “fixing” or “rigging” the market for their own profit.

National Industrial Recovery Act What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Creates the Public Works Administration (PWA) Also created the National Recovery Administration (NRA) Create jobs and reduce unemployment Provides money to states for the construction of schools and community buildings. Promote recovery by stopping wage cuts, falling prices, and layoffs.

Agricultural Adjustment Act What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Raise crop prices by lowering production Save American farmers from bankruptcy (going out of business).

Tennessee Valley Authority What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Create jobs by repairing and constructing old and new dams. Lower unemployment Flood control Hydroelectric power

Civilian Conservation Corp What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Jobs building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping soil-erosion and flood-control projects. $25.00 per month in wages sent home. Planted 200 million trees to prevent another dust bowl.

Federal Emergency Relief Administration What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Direct relief to the needy in the shape of food, clothing, and jobs. Americans performing meaningful work that enabled them to gain confidence and self-respect.

Public Works Administration What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Provides money to states for the construction of schools and community buildings. Jobs

Civil Works Administration What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Created 4 million jobs Built 40,000 schools Hired 50,000 teachers Constructed more than ½ million miles of roads

Home Owners Loan Corporation What was its immediate purpose? What was its long-term goal? Provided government loans to Americans facing foreclosure and eviction from their homes. To keep Americans from becoming homeless Created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) which continues to furnish loans for home mortgages and repairs today

The New Deal Comes Under Attack Objective … Identify the critics and describe the criticism of the New Deal.

The New Deal Comes Under Attack Liberal critics believed that the New Deal… Conservative critics believed that the New Deal…

The New Deal Comes Under Attack Critic Describe the criticism…. Father Charles Coughlin Dr. Francis Townsend Senator Huey Long

Father Coughlin “The Radio Priest” - 40M listeners

Dr. Francis Townsend One Concern: Poverty among the elderly … - Age 60 receive a $200 monthly pension - The $200 must be spent

Townsend Rally 1936

Huey Long The Share the Wealth Plan… Proclaims he will make “Every Man a King”

Huey Long Share Our Wealth Plan Income over $1M - 100% tax Seize assets over $5M All Americans get an income, house, car, pension & education Assassinated

“I’ve got the engine started, but ….”

What did FDR propose when the Supreme Court declared two New Deal programs (NIRA & Agricultural Adjustment Act) unconstitutional?

FDR: SC Packing Plan The proposal: Add 6 justices to the SC… new total 15 Public rationale: The SC is over worked Hidden motive: Change the balance of the SC

FDR: SC Packing Plan Why? Conservative justices declared parts of the New Deal, unconstitutional. Congress rejects & FDR is criticized for trying to undermine the SC