DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

DNA: Review, Replication, & Analysis Two types of DNA Nucleic DNA –Found in the nucleus of a cell –Specific to an individual Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Advertisements

DNA Typing bsapp.com. bsapp.com DNA strands come from the nucleus or the mitochondria bsapp.com.

DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis Chapter 8.

DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis

13-2 Manipulating DNA.

RFLP DNA molecular testing and DNA Typing

Forensics Chapter 8. Central Points  DNA testing can determine identity  DNA profiles are constructed in specialized laboratories  DNA profiles used.

Techniques used to analyze DNA. DNA Replication DNA replicates itself prior to cell division. DNA replication begins with the unwinding of the DNA strands.

Chapter 20: Biotechnology. O.J. Simpson capital murder case,1/95-9/95 Odds of blood in Ford Bronco not being R. Goldman’s: 6.5 billion to 1 Odds of blood.

DNA Fingerprinting & Forensic Analysis. How is DNA Typing Performed? Only one-tenth of 1% of DNA differs in each person; this variation can create.

Advanced Molecular Biological Techniques. Polymerase Chain Reaction animation.

DNA basics DNA is a molecule located in the nucleus of a cell Every cell in an organism contains the same DNA Characteristics of DNA varies between individuals.

Introduction to DNA DNA Fingerprinting and the Polymerase Chain Reaction.

AP Biology Polymerase Chain Reaction March 18, 2014.

Catalyst: 3-17 What is gene therapy? How can it help people?

6.3 Advanced Molecular Biological Techniques 1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 3. DNA sequencing.

Forensics Chapter 8. Central Points  DNA testing can determine identity  DNA profiles are constructed in specialized laboratories  DNA profiles used.

Manipulating DNA.

Module 1 Section 1.3 DNA Technology

DNA Profiling in Forensic Science. Introduction DNA Profiling is the analysis of DNA samples to determine if they came from the same individual. Since.

Short Tandem Repeats (STR) and Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR)

13-1 Changing the Living World

Manipulation of DNA. Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into smaller fragments. Different restriction enzymes recognize and cut different DNA sequences.

DNA Technology Chapter 12. Transgenic Organisms Contain recombinant DNA – Nucleotide sequences from 2+ different sources Cells express original AND newly.

Notes 13.2 DNA typing.

Genetics 6: Techniques for Producing and Analyzing DNA.

19.1 Techniques of Molecular Genetics Have Revolutionized Biology

Used for detection of genetic diseases, forensics, paternity, evolutionary links Based on the characteristics of mammalian DNA Eukaryotic genome 1000x.

Gel Electrophoresis A molecular biology tool. Purpose To separate and analyze/compare fragments of DNA.

Success criteria - PCR By the end of this lesson we will be able to: 1. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for the amplification ( making.

ABC for the AEA Basic biological concepts for genetic epidemiology Martin Kennedy Department of Pathology Christchurch School of Medicine.

1 DNA Polymorphisms: DNA markers a useful tool in biotechnology Any section of DNA that varies among individuals in a population, “many forms”. Examples.

Highlights of DNA Technology. Cloning technology has many applications: Many copies of the gene are made Protein products can be produced.

6.3 Advanced Molecular Biological Techniques 1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 2. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) 3. DNA sequencing.

Advantages of STR Analysis

Simple-Sequence Length Polymorphisms SSLPs Short tandemly repeated DNA sequences that are present in variable copy numbers at a given locus. Scattered.

Biotech. Southern Blotting Through a series of steps, DNA that has been separated by electrophoresis is applied to a membrane of nylon or nitrocellulose.

Crime Scene Investigator PCR Basics™

PCR Y.Martinez, LSHS, 2014 DIRECTIONS: COPY NOTES IN ORANGE.

DNA Fingerprinting Maryam Ahmed Khan February 14, 2001.

All rights Reserved Cengage/NGL/South-Western © 2016.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). What’s the point of PCR? PCR, or the polymerase chain reaction, makes copies of a specific piece of DNA PCR allows you.

 Types of STR markers- 5 types based on sequence  STR allele nomenclature  Allelic ladder  Serological methods of identity profiling  Identity profiling.

The Case of the Crown Jewels: Investigate a Crime Scene Using DNA Restriction Analysis (DNA Fingerprinting) Module developed at Boston University School.

PCR Polymerase chain reaction. PCR is a method of amplifying (=copy) a target sequence of DNA.

 ABO blood typing  Lacks power of discrimination  RFLP analysis using minisatellite probes  High power of discrimination  Laborious  STR analysis.

DNA Forensics 352 – O’Dette. Why DNA? DNA is individual evidence DNA links or eliminates a suspect to a crime DNA identifies a victim even if no body.

DNA Fingerprinting Review. Why DNA? DNA is individual evidence DNA links or eliminates a suspect to a crime DNA identifies a victim even if no body is.

Polymerase Chain Reaction. Before PCR Before PCR Recombinant Recombinant DNA DNA technology technology.

Simple-Sequence Length Polymorphisms

GENETIC MARKERS (RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, MICROSATELLITES, MINISATELLITES)

Success criteria - PCR By the end of this lesson we will be know:

All rights Reserved Cengage/NGL/South-Western © 2016.

Chapter 20: Terms to Know Genetic engineering Biotechnology

Genetic markers and their detection

All rights Reserved Cengage/NGL/South-Western © 2016.

Alu insert, PV92 locus, chromosome 16

Chapter 4 “DNA Finger Printing”

DNA profiling DNA profiling is a technique by which individuals can be identified and compared via their respective DNA profiles. Definitions you will.

Forensic Science DNA Analysis

Genetics and Biometrics

Chapter 21 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)

The Indispensable Forensic Tool

DNA Profiling Vocabulary

9-2 Replication of DNA.

CHAPTER 13 DNA: The Indispensable Forensic Science Tool

Biotechnology Mader 19.4.

Forensic DNA Sadeq Kaabi

Presentation transcript:

DNA Forensics

DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that the results distinguish one biological organism from another This unique genotype = DNA Profile

It’s not that complicated A DNA fingerprint is a method of looking at the similarities and differences that exist in organisms’ DNA sequences Distinguish one biological organism from another Individually discriminating southern blot minisatellite hybridization profile

Collect Tissue Sample How to do DNA Fingerprinting The Big Picture >1000 cells RFLP / Southern blot PCR Analysis >20 cells

DNA Fingerprinting RFLP Determination of an individual’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments

Collect Tissue Sample How to do DNA Fingerprinting The Big Picture >1000 cells RFLP / Southern blot >20 cells

Non Coding vs Coding DNA The majority of our genome is made up non coding DNA How much? Of this a large portion is of short sequences that are repeated, sometimes hundreds of times. There are numerous forms of this "repetitive DNA"

Short Tandem Repeats (STR’s) STR – region of DNA containing tandem copies of di-, tri- or tetranucleotide repeat units. Examples: Dinucleotide repeats: GTGTGTGTGTGT…… Trinucleotide repeats:ACGACGACGACG…… Tetranucleotide repeats:TATCTATCTATC……

More on STRs Number of repeats varies greatly between individuals STRs make up 10-15% of the mammalian genome STRs are also called “microsatellites”

Possible Patterns for a Single “Gene” With Three Alleles In a standard DNA fingerprint, about a dozen sites are analyzed, with each site having many possible alleles.

PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction

What is It? Basically DNA replication in a tube Needs the same basic components as DNA replication: DNA nucleotides, the building blocks for the new DNA Template DNA, the DNA sequence that you want to amplify Primers, single-stranded DNAs between 20 and 50 nucleotides long that are complementary to a short region on either side of the template DNA Taq polymerase, a heat stable enzyme that drives, or catalyzes, the synthesis of new DNA Targets a particular sequence and amplifies it many many, many, many times

PCR

CODIS Loci Combined DNA Index System 13 Loci across human genome

Multilocus analysis - 7 loci

DNA Allele Interpretation fallible-dna-evidence-can-mean-prison-or- freedom.html#.U0f7lsYh5W4 fallible-dna-evidence-can-mean-prison-or- freedom.html#.U0f7lsYh5W4

Grim Sleeper

MZDZ Monozygotic (Identical) and Dizygotic (Fraternal) twins STR Analysis

Mitochondrial DNA

Y Chromosomal Inheritance

Homework See Blackboard for Assignments for this Special Topic