Government expansion, and civil liberties

 US government organizes agencies to mobilize economic and military resources  War Productions Board (WPB)- Manage industries  Office of War management (OWM)- production priorities, and control of war materials  Office of Price Administration (OPA)- freeze prices, wages, rent, set up rationing (meat, sugar, gasoline, auto tires)  Economy is stimulated by the demand for government contracts- unemployment will practically be gone

 War production by 1944 will be 2x of all the AXIS powers combined.  Unions- will not strike due to the Smith-Connelly Act; allows the army to take over workers threatening to strike  Financing the war- (100 billion spent in 1945) ▪ Increase income tax- in 1944 it will be withheld from individual pay checks ▪ Sell War Bonds  Shortage of consumer goods make it easy for Americans to save

 African Americans  1.5 million will leave the south for jobs in the North and West  Serve in the Armed forces (Tuskegee Airmen)  Face discrimination and segregation  Race riots in NYC and Detroit (Summer of 1943)  Double V slogan- Victory over Fascism in Europe and Victory for Equality at home  A. Phillip Randolph- March on Washington- end discrimination in hiring for defense industries- FDR issues executive order 8802 (Fair Employment Act)  Membership of the NAACP will increase during war  CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) pacifists following Thoreau, and Gandhi Tuskegee Airmen

 Mexican Americans  Worked in defense industries over 300,000  Braceros- Mexican Farm Workers allowed into the US w/o formal immigration procedures  Influx of Mexican-Americans leads to white resentment- Zoot Suit Riots (summer 1943)- battle on the street

 Native Americans  25,000 will serve in the military  Work in defense industries  More then ½ will not return to reservations (Code Talkers)

 Japanese-Americans  Associated with wartime enemy  20,000 native born Japanese will serve in the military (442 nd )  Treated as potential spies and saboteurs- US thought invasion was imminent  US government will order 100,000 Japanese- Americans to leave homes on the west coast and move to internment camps (9066) internment camps (9066)  Korematsu vs. the US- Supreme Court justified executive order 9066 because we were at war- In 1988 the federal government will award financial compensation to those affected by executive order

 Women  200,000 will serve in the military- noncombatant roles  “Rosie the Riveter”; symbolize the typical women war production worker  Like WWI will take jobs formally done by men ▪ 5 million will enter the workforce (shipyards, defense plants) ▪ Paid below male workers

 Propaganda  Posters, songs, news bulletins- maintain public moral  Encourage sacrifice, and conservation to increase war production.  Office of War Information- control news about troop movements and battles  Movies, radio, pop music- support cheerful, patriotic view of war (Education for Death via Disney) (Spirit of ‘43) (Out of the frying pan and into the firing line) (Private Pluto) (new hair)