Biomedical Engineering Solutions Amir Kamyabnejad Bobby Luk Chen Zhang Eric Boyer Yash Trivedi

Outline Motivation Project Overview Hardware Software System Testing /Verification Budget Schedule/Timeline Problems Encountered Future Extensions Conclusion 2

Team Members Team MemberMain Role Amir KamyabnejadTeam lead, Hardware Bobby LukSoftware Chen ZhangSoftware lead Eric BoyerHardware lead Yash TrivediSystem integration 3

Motivation 1. Cardiovascular disease accounts for 30% of all deaths, which costs $22.2 billion annually 2. Improve heart monitoring, diagnosing, prevention 3. More treatment options 4. Lower cost 5. Continuous remote monitoring 6. On-site preliminary analysis 7. Transfer information via internet 8. Notify emergency services 4

Project Overview Hardware Software System 5

6 Project Overview Brief System Overview Figure 1: Brief System Overview

Hardware 7 Figure 2: ECG Signal

Functions of the ECG Circuit Patient protection ECG signal amplification Filtering: Muscle noise Radio Frequency (RF) noise and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) The body’s DC bias 60Hz noise from household power Common-mode noise by means of a leg driver electrode 8 Hardware

Functions of the Arduino Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) Bluetooth transmission 9 Hardware

Arduino and PCB 10 Hardware Figure 3: Arduino BoardFigure 4: PCB

Testing/Verification: Hardware Testing with a function generator and oscilloscope: Applied a 1.5Hz, 1mV square wave to simulate a heartbeat, and ensured that it is amplified sufficiently without adding any noise Applied a DC bias to the square wave to verify common- mode rejection Checked the frequency response of the ECG to ensure that frequencies below 0.5Hz and above 100Hz are attenuated sufficiently 11

Problems Encountered - Hardware Notch filter did not perform properly while on the breadboard RF interference saturated the op-amps until low-pass filters were implemented on the input Arduino voltage converter died 12

Software Diagnostics Graphical User Interface Bluetooth Module Warning System Data logging and Uploading 13

Diagnostics Heart pulse amplitude Heart rate period Ischemia 14 Figure 5: Ischemia

GUI 15 Software Figure 6: Application GUI

Bluetooth Module Establish Bluetooth connection with Arduino BT Board Receive data Display data on GUI 16 Software

Warning System User Warning Notification Automated call to health professionals when emergency occurs False Alarms 17 Software Figure 7: Warning Message

Data Logging and Uploading Record data continuously in spreadsheet form ECG Signal User Activity (accelerometer data) GPS Location Data Timestamps Store.csv (comma separated values) files locally Upload data to server for remote diagnostics 18 Software

Testing/Verification: Software Testing with Android phone Placed important values into the GUI Placed buttons to test uploading and digital filtering Modified threshold values to test specific scenario 19

Problems Encountered - Software Warning System Problem System freezes during warning Server Option Problem Google Documents Server – system instability because of too many dependencies Java Server - limited space for data storage, but stable and customizable 20

System Overview Connection between Sensors and Microcontroller Connection between Microcontroller and Smart Phone Ability to fetch information from within the App 21

System Overview Connection between Sensors and Microcontroller established through Digital Port Pin 4 configured as Input Pin Signal from sensors hardwired into Microcontroller Port 22

System Overview Connection between Microcontroller and Smart Phone established over Bluetooth Baud rate used: Microcontroller sends digital signals at a sampling rate of 100 Hz 23

System Overview Phone App uses Activity based Java class to execute the program BroadcastReceiver method used to detect incoming signals Intent setup to extract signal values from BroadcastReceiver 24

Testing/Verification: System Condition imposed to trigger alarm only after a certain number of consecutive error readings Avoids triggering false alarms Ways to artificially induce false alarms 25

Testing/Verification: System Best way to test system diagnostics is by using a signal generator Signal generated produces electric signals similar to a heart pulse Amplitude and time intervals can be modified as required during simulation 26

Problems Encountered - System Setting up a framework to support Bluetooth connection between Microcontroller and Smart Phone Hardware limitations restricting sampling frequency at 100Hz Discrepancies in different builds causing bugs in some versions over different platforms 27

28 Top Level Overview Figure 8: Top Level Overview

Budget: Proposed and Actual CATEGORYESTIMATED AMOUNT Actual Amount Microcontroller including Bluetooth (Arduino BT) $ ($150 for the equipment and $18 for shipping) $ Accelerometer$52.00 ($25 for the equipment and $27 for shipping) $57.12 Power Control (DC-DC converters and batteries) $20.00 $19.87 Project Case for Arduino$10.00 $0 ECG electrodes$65.00 ($45 for the sensors and $20 for shipping) $60.25 ECG circuit components$50.00 $34.78 PCB Supplies$30.00 $48.43 Contingency fund$ $25.04 (replacement instrumentation op amp) ESSS cheque $ EXPENSE SUBTOTAL$ $

Schedule/Timeline 30 Figure 9: Schedule/Timeline

Future Extensions 1. Waterproof case 2. Weigh less than 200 g 3. Comply with CSA, UL, FCC requirements 4. Reliability & durability 5. Wireless ECG electrodes 6. Compatible with X-rays 7. Add oximeter 8. Add thermometer 9. Detect symptoms of heart disease 10. Minimize energy consumption 11. Work on all Android, iPhone, and Blackberry platforms 31

Conclusion Successful completion of goals Exceeded expectation Team dynamics Contribution to society Confidence in entrepreneurship 32

33 Questions