A New Plan of Government Problems would convince citizens that the government needs changes….

Where have we been? (not on your notes… just review!) Revolution Begins! April 19, 1775 Independence Declared ! July 4, 1776 The A of C ratification process was completed in March The Articles of Confederation sent to the states for ratification in November The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783 Shays’s Rebellion : August of The Constitutional Convention: On May 25, 1787, delegates from the various states meet in Philadelphia.

The Constitutional Convention (Philadelphia – 1787) (Pennsylvania State House or Independence Hall)

-55 delegates (planters, lawyers, governors, etc) -26 college graduates! About 25 – 26% of Americans have a college degree today!

-No women, African or Native Americans

-Washington chosen to preside over the convention

Why did the Constitutional Convention keep their proceedings a secret?

Check out all of the different opinions! Click on the website below!

Answer: Proceedings were secret so delegates could speak their minds without fear of being attacked for their thoughts.

CHOICES… I. THE VIRGINIA PLAN -

Who? -Edmund Randolph presented the plan (tall, imposing) I. THE VIRGINIA PLAN Governor of Virginia, Planter and Slave Holder, Lending and Investments, Real Estate and Land Speculation

Consisted mostly of James Madison’s ideas. He believed in a strong but fair system of government. (Virginia Plan: Continued)

Randolph proposes a Supreme National Government

-Two houses with both having (lower voted by people) - (upper voted by lower) CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued)

Each house has_____________ ___________ Representatives would be based on ___________ CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued) -Each house would have PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. - Representatives would be based on POPULATION!

PEOPLE REPS - Virginia 747,610 Massachusetts (Maine) 378,787 96,540 -Pennsylvania 434,373 -North Carolina 393,471 -Delaware 59,094 - Rhode Island 68,825 - Georgia 82,548 - New Hampshire 141,885 CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued) (33,000 people = 1 rep) The listed populations include all slaves, so the number of representatives would actually be more than what is listed for some states if all slaves were counted; all fractions were rounded down )

Based on a system of checks and balances: Each branch balances the other by checking against any abuse of power! (Madison’s Virginia Plan…continued)

(The Virginia Plan continued) Bicameral Legislature, Supreme Court and a President (chosen by the legislature)

THE NEW JERSEY PLAN WHO? Introduced by William Patterson (New Jersey) Paterson, a lawyer, an outspoken supporter of American independence, was the first Attorney General of New Jersey, serving from 1776–1783, maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one of the state's most prominent lawyers.

THE NEW JERSEY PLAN a.k.a The Small State Plan Later, Paterson would be a U.S. Senator from New Jersey, (March 4, 1789 – November 13, 1790), New Jersey Governor (October 29, 1790 – March 30, 1793), and Finally a U.S. Supreme Court Justice (March 4, 1793 – September 9, 1806).

Small States wanted a one-house congress with equal representation. THE NEW JERSEY PLAN CONTINUED…

CHOICES (New Jersey Plan: Continued) PEOPLE REPS - Virginia 747,610 Massachusetts (Maine) 378,787 96,540 -Pennsylvania 434,373 -North Carolina 393,471 -Delaware 59,094 - Rhode Island 68,825 - Georgia 82,548 - New Hampshire 141,

Large and small populated states are at a standstill… Discussions are heated! Some fear the Union will break apart… No one really fights like this.

How should we compromise?

Also known as the “The Connecticut Compromise”

-Under Franklin’s guidance and -and Roger Sherman’s suggestions …..

COMBINES THE NEW JERSEY AND - COMBINES THE NEW JERSEY AND THE VIRGINIA PLANS

-Gives EQUAL REPRESENTATION in the Senate -Based the representation in the House of Representatives on POPULATION

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE -Northern states don’t want slaves to count in population. -Southern states do!

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY = MORE POWER

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE Here is why… if we counted them all… -PEOPLE Extra Reps -Virginia 454, ,627 slaves -Maryland 216, ,036 slaves -Massachusetts 378,787 NO slaves 0 (33,000 = 1 rep)

Slave Populations Census Massachusetts - none New Hampshire Rhode Island Connecticut - 2,759 Pennsylvania - 3,737 Delaware - 8,887 New Jersey - 11,423 New York - 21,324 Georgia - 29,264 Maryland - 103,036 North Carolina - 100,572 South Carolina - 107,094 Virginia - 293,427

- Think about if they put a tax on tobacco or sugar or indigo… Who would want it? Who wouldn’t? Would more representatives help one side get their way?

THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY = MORE POWER

- It is decided that every 5 slaves will be counted as 3 people toward population (which determines the House)

-PEOPLE Extra Reps -Virginia 292, 627 slaves -Maryland 103,036 slaves -Massachusetts NO slaves 5 1 (almost 2) 0 So… look at the extra reps the South would get if they use our scale!

- Neither side argues that the slaves should be able to vote! THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE

Trading Slaves Slaves can be traded for 20 years (after that congress limits)

Agreement was made to keep the southern states in the union

Work Finished SEPTEMBER 17, 1787.

Sent to states for approval!

9 out of 13 approved! (New Hampshire is ninth)

Major change can occur without violence! WHAT DID AMERICA SHOW THE WORLD IN IT’S COMPLETE REVISION OF OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT?

National Archives, Washington, DC, The Constitution by Barry Faulkner