Quick Quiz (In back of book) What is the enzyme that breaks down fats called? What does protease enzyme break proteins down into? What are the 2 roles of bile? What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the stomach to work at? What is the role of the small intestine in digestion? Enzymes in Industry Learning Objectives: How do biological detergents work? How are enzymes used in industry?

What are enzymes used for in industry? Biological washing powders Making soft centered chocolates Pre-digesting baby food so babies can eat it more easily Making diet foods

How do you make a soft gooey center? The chocolate is poured over a solid mixture which contains sucrase Sucrase (enzyme) breaks down the sucrose into glucose and fructose

Baby foods: Proteases are used to pre-digest some of the protein in the food. Now the babies digestive system can cope with it better and they can get the amino acids they need from food

It is also used for the process of making fuel from plants Carbohydrates are used to convert starch into glucose syrup. Starch is very cheap as it is made by plants like Corn. Therefore using enzymes to convert plant starch into sweet sugar is a cheap source of sweetness It is also used for the process of making fuel from plants

Choices Glucose syrup is then converted into fructose syrup by Isomerase's enzyme Glucose and fructose contain exactly the same amount of energy but fructose is much sweeter therefore much smaller amounts of it are needed to make food taste sweet so is a good diet choice. Isomerase used in diet industry

Washing powders-Biological detergents In the past, people boiled and scrubbed clothes to get them clean Now…use biological detergents Contain proteases and lipases Break down grime, sweat etc Work at quite low temperatures What would happen if the enzymes were boiled? Why are they more environmentally friendly?

How do washing powders work?

Immobilising Enzymes Enzymes are expensive. To save money they can be immobilized. This means that they can be filtered from the product and used again.

Advantages and disadvantages of using enzymes High temperatures and pressures often needed for chemical reactions. Enzymes lower this as speed up reactions at quite low temperatures and pressures Enzymes are sensitive to surroundings. If you change the pH or temp, they may not work. It costs money to control conditions

Make a poster explaining the uses of enzymes in industry Include: Baby food Washing powders-biological detergents Making sugar syrup Making diet foods Making chocolates with soft fillings

Complete the worksheet Catalyze or speed up reactions Allow reactions to occur at the same rate at lower temperatures Less energy is used to run the industrial plant Less warm waste materials

Sweet production Pre-digest baby food Fruit juice Tenderizing meat Prevents the enzymes being denatured by the higher temperatures Cannot wash at high temperatures, HIGH COST

Expensive Re-use soluble liquids immobilized Non-reactive